history of the internet :: essays research papers

In 1964, the RAND proposal was put forward. Written by Paul Baran, this proposal stated the principles of a new network which was to be built for maximum strength and flexibility. This new network would have no central authority. The principles of this network were that all the leaf nodes would be equal in precondition and each could send and receive messages.All the messages would be sent in packets, each with its own address. These packets would be sent at matchless node and would arrive at another one. This may seem rather obvious, however what was new was that the way the packets went through the net was not important. That means that if one node was destroyed, the rest of the nodes would still be able to communicate. This is of course was uneconomical and rather slow, but extremely reliable. The Internet still uses this method nowadays, and in that location has been only one collective crash so far.The Pentagons Advanced query Projects Agency (ARPA) wanted to install an advanced network based on the principles in the US. The network was called ARPANET and consisted of four high speed computers (nodes). In 1969, the firstborn node was installed in UCLA. By 1971 there were 23 nodes on ARPANET.In 1972 the first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. He chose the emblem to link the username to the address. Telnet protocol deed overed logging on to a distant computer. It was make as Request for Comments (RFC). These were means of sharing exploitational work throughout the network community. Instead of using the ARPANET for long distance computing, the scientists used it for communication with each other. Each user had his/her own e-mail address.In 1973, culture began on the protocol later to be called TCP/IP, it was developed by a group headed by Vinton Cerf from Stanford and Bob Kahn from DARPA. This new protocol was to allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other (Kristula 1974-1983). During its development was when the term Internet was first used. TCP/IP was adopted by the Department of Defense in 1980 replacing the old NCP and became universal in 1983. Also in 1983 ARPANET split into ARPANET and the military segment, MILNET. MILNET became integrated with the Defense data Network created the previous year. Thanks to TCP/IP and its decentralized structure, ARPANET grew and grew during the too soon eighties.