The History And Growth Of Animation

The Hi history And Growth Of AnimationEver since the establishment of photography the great unwashed learned that if interprets of moving objects were taken in a quick series and flipped through and through in succession to create the false impression of a moving picture. Pottery is one of the best examples of early art tranquillise around today. One of the very offshoot attempts at translating the tranquil check into a moving image is found on such forgather of pottery. About 5000BC a piece pottery, if spun illustrates a goat jumping and have from a tree. It consisted of five sequential drawings.The interest of illustrating figures in motion throw out be involven in the good-tempered drawings of Paleolithic cave paintings, as in these paintings animals atomic number 18 illustrated with multiple legs in superimposed arrangements. The movement of anatomical organize was defined by Leonardo Davinci, courtesy to which today artists can perform up with believable and beaut iful elan vital. A toy created in 1824 cognise as the thaumatrope demonstrated the phenomenon of diligence of vision. The use was a discus, which showed a razz on one position and an empty cage on the other. When the disc was spun, the appeared in the cage. According to Patrick James ..This proved that the eye retains images when it is exposed to a series of pictures, one at a cartridge clip. After the thaumatrope William George Horner invented Zeotrope in 1834. This twisting was cylindrical in shape with vertical slits around the sides. To the opposite side of the slits series of pictures were kept, around the indoors of the cylinder. In order to see the john of motion the user had to spin the cylinder and look through the slits. Peering through the slits was quite annoying for people, so in year 1877 Emile Reynaud invented Praxinoscope. This device was such(prenominal) interchangeable Zeotrope the difference was that liveness was reflected on motionless mirrors on th e inside of the wheel. It was much better than Zeotrope as it allowed large group of people to chance animateness at the same time. The eldest excite drive was created in 1892. It was fifteen minutes long and was made by Reynaud. It was shown with the help of praxinoscope and a projector.Animation bolt downed appearing before 1910. It consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. As there were hundreds of drawings per minute of film, the animation process was highly campaign intensive. As the time passed by, the technology evolved and new animation techniques came into existence. An animation technique, know as block off action was utilise by the animators earlier. The directors used to stop the camera and rearrange or remove items to the shot and wherefore start rolling again. In 1900 J.Stuart Blackton created a film called The Enchanted Drawing by combining the live action of him drawing and stop action technique. later on in year 1908 Emile Cohl created a fi lm named Fantasmagorie. This film was considered to be the beginning true excite film. The industrial revolution took place and closely of the American studio apartments turned to flat animation as it was much more economical for their assembly line technique of making animated films. Animation was comfortably done by the celluloid technique developed around in the beginning of 1914. With the help of these celluloids the animators just had to make a complex solid ground or foreground and compress in moving characters in surrounded by a number of other pieces of celluloids, which is transparent apart from where drawings were painted on it. This helped the animators, as they would just draw once the background as it remained motionless and only the character moved. If the foreground elements were positioned in the frame, it too formed a false impression of depth. In 1914 one of the pioneer of animation named Winsor McCay created the first animated cartoons titled Gertie the Din osaur.Gradually animation then started to progress with quite a lot of animated films produced in next twenty years. Producers like Warners, MGM and Disney developed cartoon techniques in 1920s and 1930s. They used traditional animation methods of constructing complicated backgrounds and then imposing moving figures in them with celluloid. Then in 1928 it was Walt Disney, who took animation to a complete new level adding sound and producing the first ever animated film with sound, which was Steamboat Willie. In this film he introduced a new character named as Mickey Mouse. And in 1937 Walt Disney change the inviolate world of animation by opening doors that people never raze thought of. The first full-length animated film in 1937 that was pull the wool over someones eyes White and the S heretofore Dwarfs. It was a box-office smash. This era was known as the deluxe age of Animation. According to Steve Nyman The film became the most successful motion picture of 1938 and earned ove r $8 million in its original theatrical release.While looking at it economically, when Disney released Snow White and the S even up Dwarfs the studio ran out of money, as it was quite a labor incentive task. instantly after Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Pinocchio and Fantasia were released and both of them were financial disappointments. traditional animated feature films were financially unsuccessful in the late nineties and early 2000s. Traditional animation was not successful because it required a lot of money, a huge team (labor) and the quality was also not that great as compared to todays data processor animated films.With the passage of time animation has developed and evolved a lot. We can see the drastic changes in the agency of doing animation. With the changing era technology is also changing hand in hand, as earlier people used to use traditional ship canal of doing animation but today animation is mostly com molder generated which is furthest more easy and it con sumes less time.Since then animated films have cause one of the most frequently enjoyed forms of fun. Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and The Lion King are some of the best movies by Disney.The social impact of animation is also very drastic. Earlier the target audience of animated cartoons or films were children. exclusively as the evolving time every(prenominal) single person like animated movies. These films have a very light humor which sometimes doesnt even make sense, but it is done in such an appealing focus that an 8 years old kid or a 80 years old granddad would love them. Every generation has been enjoying the stories and characters of these animated featured films. Traditionally animation was done in time overwhelming and labor intensive process of two-dimensional hand drawn cel animation. directly the way of doing animation is completely different and it is much more useful and it majorly depends on new advanced computer technology.Without the new advances in compu ter technology, outstanding animated films wouldnt have been mathematical. Films like Toy Story, Madagascar, Finding Nemo, Up etc are the magnificent pieces of work done by Walt Disney and they wouldnt have been possible without the computer technology. Earlier animators used to work very hard and they had to put a lot of effort just to make a vitiated animated video, but now it is all computerized and one can comfortably see the evolution of animation that how significantly it has improved and made a special place for it self in the industry. According to Buffy Naillon, Computer animation changed the animated film industry. Animation today is based more on math formulas than the ability to draw According to Library.ThinkQuest.org, The company created a design system called DAC (Design Augmented by Computers). With it, they could look at 3D models of their cars from every angle.Consistent with PIXAR .where films go through four stages development, creating storyline pre-productio n, addressing technical challenges production, making the film and post-production, polishing the final product. Today the way of doing animation is completely different and is very effective, its a complete process with various travel which include the idea of the film development, then to create a story line in which pre-production is done and dealing with all the technical challenges are also done in this step, later comes the production and the making of the film and then with the final touches the polishing is done.Today we have 3 dimensional animated films, which give the impression of being more realistic. Everyone today is warm of animated films. The stories are very beautiful and yet simple, most of the time the comic stories arent even really funny and most of the time they dont even make sense and are completely illogical but still people love them as when that sledgehammer drops on Sylvesters Big toe and it grows to the size of a watermelon theres no trick photography involved. And the most important the quality of the animated films today is way different then what we had in past. Today when animated films are played in rapid succession they appear to have seamless movements within the layouts. Comparing the methods used today and the methods used earlier one can easily see that how the animation process has evolved and how it is getting better and better. The amazing animated films take away on in the new millennium with great movies like How to fulminate your Dragon, Toy Story 3, Shrek The Final Chapter, and many more to follow as animated featured films are one of the best way of entertainment today.

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay

Representations Of capital of the United Kingdom Life In Brick channel Cultural Studies EssayMonica Ali brings humour, seemliness and the special qualities of the best of Asian fiction to a narrative bear on with acceptance and denialWry and intelligent, subtle and graceful in its mix of formal prose, blackly despairing humour and fabulous characterization, this is a rich human novel(The sunlight Express, India).Ali was non born in England plainly in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and moved to England at the age of three, where she was raised. She has neer lived in Brick passage where the novel was focused on and she was from a middle- secern family and eventu on the wholey attended higher education at Wadham Collage, Oxford. thitherfore, rough large number ar starting to question how she managed to re puddle the lifestyle of a Bangladeshi family funding in the inner metropolis of London. Firstly, she was born in Bangladesh which gave her a nose surface of attachment with her or igin. Secondly, with the help from Naila Kabeer, whose study of Bangladeshi women crop workers in London and Dhaka, Monica Ali drew inspiration.(Brick Lane, P493). Moreover, her inspiration of the story was supported by many the great unwashed whose lead a strong tender identity element of Bangladeshi people in London and British im unsettled experience. E.g. Nicole Aragi and Shofiur.The book follows Nazneen and Hasina, living very different lives in very different gravels, exactly last daring to hope that they whitethorn have found a mistakable distinguish of happiness. The themes are the big ones identity, self-determination, the freight of family and they are kept purposeless by the buoyancy of Alis characterisation, which occasionally verges on the Dickensian without ever resorting to caricature. In Nazneens world, everyone is convincingly governed by their own individual logic.(Harriet Lane ,The Observer Sunday 1 June 2003)The book exposes many features of London an d its peoples daily life to the reader, which include issues bid Race tension, Cultures, Estate life, gender relation and the landscape of the urban center of London. However, I will be much focusing on the image of Race tension and ever- changing cultures in London. In due course, I will link some of these establishations with the theory of place and identity (Tim Cresswell) , Robert parkland and Mumford idea of City and Postcolonial London (John Mcleod).Since the end of Second World War, the urban and human geography of London has been irreversibly altered as a consequence of patterns of migration from countries with a history of colonialism , so that today a play of London s neighbourhoods are k instantlyn primarily in legal injury of the overseas populations they have nurtured. neatchapel and Tower Hamlets boast significant Bangladeshi communities. (John Mcleod) accord to Mcleod , the multicultural London was developed during the postcolonial period and people from the ex-colony were flooding into the watch of the Empire -London, looking for a young life and opportunities. The story of Brick Lane was a direct orient of intersection of postcolonial London, which is active change, cultural, social, and political and skirmish. It was Black and Asian migrants who have to reduceher played a major role in creating Londons multicultural society and Brick Lane highlighted the levels of poverty and discrimination had on them. In other words, postcolonial London does not factually denote a condition place or mark a stable location on a map. It emerges at the intersection of the concrete and the noumenal, betwixt the material conditions of metropolitan life and the imaginative representations made of it. It is as much a product of factimetropolis as a creation of the novels. ( John Mcleod) According to Lewis Mumford and Robert Park, city should not only defined by its physical form. Whatever it was that makes a city a city (London), it had more than to do with its social processes.(Doreen Massey) Decolonization has speeded up Londons heterogeneity, intensity of social interaction and contrasts. In order word, London as a World city is a city produced, experienced and lived imaginatively and as well incubating new social relations and cultural forms which conflict with the protagonism of a national culture or the pursuit of cultural nationalism. (John Mcleod)With grand numbers of people living in the city, there are hold back to be wide range of variations amongst them. This should give go to the spatial segregation of individuals according to colour, ethnic heritage, economic and social status, tastes and preferences. (Louis Wirth)In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrayed the conflict between Race and culture of the inner city remarkably well. In Chapter two and three, she has focused on describing the culture of London and migrants in intercourses between different characters. Two in one week But now our children are copying what they see here, going to the pub, to nightclubs. Or drinking at home in their bedrooms where their parents think they are perfectly safe. The problem is our biotic conjunction is not properly educated said by Dr Azad (P.31, Chapter two), this short conversation between Chanu and Dr Azad lightsomely findd the problem of inner city migrants whose have not educated enough to teach their offspring what is right or wrong, they neglected their children because they were busy running(a) to earn money .Also the entropy multiplication migrants are generally copying the drinking culture solely not controlling themselves. In Page 40, Monica uses the eye of the main Character Nazneen to describe the rotten anti social behavior by teenagers in council estate, She looked great deal into the courtyard. Two boys exchanged mock punches, feinting left and right. Cigarettes burned in their mouths. She heart-to-heart the window and leaned into the breeze.(P.40). She also use the Tattoo L ady who did not get named to describe the working class snow-covered who lived in council housing and gave them a stereotype features She scratched her arms , her shoulders, the accessible portions of her buttocks. She yawned and lit a cigarette. At least(prenominal) two thirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.Nazneen had neer been occlude enough to decipher the designs.Chanu said the tattoo lady was Hells Angel. (P.18 Chapter one.) Monica at one time again uses conversation between characters to deliver the message to the reader, Three point five people to one room. Thats a council statistic ,Chanu told Nazneen. All crammed together. They cant mark having children, or they bring over all their relatives and pack them in like itsy-bitsy fish in a tin. Its a Tower Hamlets positive statistic three point five Bangladeshis to one room. (P.49 Chapter. 2) , But the main occasion is education. The parents are so ashamed they dont know what to do. Sometimes they send the ch ild back home, where the really cheap.(P248 Chapter 12), We need two things .More drugs counselors and more jobs for the young people said the Doctor.(P249,Chapter 12)Up to here, she already given enough information for the reader to draw own imagination of the rotten down and packed inner city estate area with high density of migrants ,working class white , second extension migrants ,drug problem and uneducated parents.Place is how we make the world meaningful and the manner we experience the world. (Tim Cresswell)Place is about stopping and resting and becoming involved.While put is amenable to the abstraction of spatial science and economic rationality, place is amenable to discussions of things such as value and belonging. (Tuan 1977,149)Place is hard to define but Tuan and Cresswell had done its definition perfectly well. London is a Place, even Brick lane and Nazeens flat are also a place where everything is interacting with each other. It was the sense of place that crea tes the unique social structure of immigrant communities and London. Nazneen stared at a honour on the wall, printed in five spoken communications. No smoking, no eating, no drinking.( P64, Chapter 3) In this passage, it was place which create this unique features of Brick lane as it has got all sort of foreigners lived in and they are interacting with each other within the same place. Moreover, In Chapter 14 , Monica describe the Chanu family have never left Brick lane or areas around it ,although places like the Houses of Parliament ,Buckingham Palace and Hype-Park are very close to Brick Lane. In a sense , she use the family tour day as a Metaphor to describe the immigrant family do not go out their own neighbourhood , a sense of isolation with other deduct of the city and an intense sense of localism. In the other hand, place had a profound effect on changing people e.g. Chanu (The educated), Mrs Azad and second generation migrants (Tariq, bibi and Shahana.). For example, Pl ace has turned Chanu to mix into the English culture and eventually sure it in order to survive in the society- its part of the culture here. Its so ingrained in the fabric of society. Back Home, if you drink you risk beingness an outcast. In London, if you dont drink you risk the same things.( P110, Chapter 5) ,another example from Mrs Azad during the conversation with Chanu Listen, when Im in Bangladesh I put on a sari and cover my manoeuvre and all that. But here I go out to work. I work with white girls and I am just one of them.(P114, Chapter5) and also when Nazneen refers to Bangladesh as our area, Karim makes it clear that he considers England to be his country in pageboy 212. (Bookrags) and Shahana spoke in English during the conversation with Chanu about internet and technologies. -This little wire that goes into the telephone socket-do you see it ?- it all comes down the wire. We go on the internet at school,said Shahana, in English. (P200,Chapter 9)Home obviously mea ns more than a natural of physical setting . Especially, the term cannot be curb to a built place. A useful point of departure for grounds home may be not its material manifestation but rather a concept home is a unit of lieu organized mentally and materially to satisfy a peoples real and comprehend basic biosocial needs and, beyond the , their higher aesthetic-political aspirations.(Tim Cresswell)There is a clear connection made between place and second generation migrants, they already regard London as the place they belong to, whereas Bangladeshi and the language of Bangladeshi (Bengali) are just memory and heritage of their parent. In a sense these second generation migrants were trying to produce a new type of social memory and eager to get out from the shag of social hierarchy and mix in with the dominant social radical within the place- London. Rootedness and authenticity .In Harveys discussion of place this meaning is retained but becomes a symbol of reactionary exclus ivity. As long as place signifies a tight and relatively immobile connection between a groups of people and a site then it will be eternally implicated in the construction of us (people who belong in a place) and them (people who do not). (Tim Cresswell) In this way the rootedness and authenticity of place will create tension between different race groups, particularly the working class white who are most threaten of their social and employment scene to be taken out by the migrants. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. The following 2 extracts described the reason of racial tension perfectly wellIt is the white underclass, like Wilkie, who are most afraid of people like me. To him, and people like him, we are the only thing standing in the way of them sliding totally to the bottom of the pile. As long as we are below them, then they are above something. If they see us rise then they are resentful because we have left our proper place. That is why you get the phenomenon of the Natio nal Front. They can play on those fears to create racial tensions, and give these people a superiority complex. The middle classes are more secure, and therefore more relaxed. Chanu said. (P38, Chapter two).Leaflet from Lion Heart (a white working class organization) HANDS OFF OUR BREASTS The Islamification of our neighbourhood has gone too far. A Page 3 calendar and poster have been removed from the walls of our community hall. How long before the extremists are putting veils on our women and insulting our daughters for erosion short skirts? Do not tolerate it Write to the council This is England (P257 Ch12)These two extracts ply us to think how weak of the bond between national majorities and minorities. There are two main numbers for migrants they either become economic migrant which suggests that people enter the country just for the sake of money, making as much money as possible before returning. The other outcome is -Hyphenated British which indicates a movement from out sider to insider, from temporary resident to abiding settler and from a predominantly homogeneous to an increasingly heterogeneous society. (John Eade) However, the White majorities are the ones that feel most threaten, afraid of migrants taking out all of the available jobs within the City and also their living space, culture and social benefits.Linking back to the introduction, Monica Ali was not raised in the area of Brick Land and had never been in a working class family. The novel is completely a work of the imagination influenced by her fathers story of Mymensingh countryside and her friend Naila Kabeer who study about the lives of Bangladeshi women garment workers. Although this essay had only focused on the issues of changing culture, place/identity, and race tension ,there are still a potbelly more issues reflecting Londons life and the city of London itself e.g. Gender relations, Landscape of London and economic environment. This optimism about England as a land of possi bility is conjugated to a more general feminist politics of liberation which may help to partly explain the books success in both the UK and the USA. (John Eade). In terms of the essays main theme- Culture, place and race, many conversations with in Brick Lane represent the changing of the newcomers and they are becoming one of the key forces of a changing British nation. Their Britishness is mediated through the social and cultural heritage of their country of origin which produces a hyphenated identity through the interweaving of class, gender, generation, religion and language. (John Eade) Finally, Monica Ali uses the event of 9/11 as an opportunity to describe the Bangladeshi or Islamic communities seek to show how their true color is and representation to the outside world, especially the National Majority.

Female Athlete Triad: Energy, Menstruation and Bone Density

effeminate suspensor triplet Energy, Menstruation and B angiotensin-converting enzyme DensityDefine the term the Female Athlete Triad. Explain the interaction between the various elements of the triplet and their effects on health and human performanceIntroductionThe womanish jockstrap triple refers to the interrelationships among sinew approachability, menstrual course, and bone mineral density (BMD), which may beat clinical manifestations including eating unsoundnesss, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis (Nattiv et al. 1994). It is unfortunately a disorder which often goes unrecognised in female suspensors.The female athlete terce is ca lend oneselfd by an nothing drain where in that respect is a caloric deficitdue to the athletes energy expenditure exceeding herdietary energy intake (Nattiv et al. 1994). Whether known to the athlete or not, this abject level of energy availability causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,whi ch impressions in diminish gonadotropin-releasing ductless gland (GnRH)pulsatility and low-toned luteinizing endocrine gland (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (Loucks 1990). This then petabits to a decreased oestrogen production which causes menstrual disfunction. These decreased estrogen levels in turn impinge on atomic number 20 resorption and bone accretion, which cause decreased bone health (Gottschlich Young, 2006).The 3 atoms of the triad argon all inter-related through physiological and genial means as shown in Fig. 1. The common psychological pressures to repeatedly localize in a performance of optimal measuring rod and often the perceived requirement to maintain a low body mass for sure sports, result in a large add of knowledge. This large tot of facts of life combined with a low energy intake, and likewise in addition to the stress hormones produced by psychological stress, may lead to a physiological alteration in the endocrinological throw of the menstrual steering wheel, which may lead to the athlete becoming amenorrhoeic. The consequence of becoming amenorrhoeic through dysfunction of the hypothalamus and pituitary is that the production of oestrogen will decrease. This hormone has a major role in maintaining adequate BMD. in that locationfore, a hypo-oestrogenic state is associated with a low BMD and an increased essay of osteoporosis (Birch, 2005).Not all sufferers have all 3 components of the female athlete triad however. In recent years, new studies argon continuing to emerge indicating that even having just1 or 2 elements of the triad importantly increases these womens semipermanent morbidity. In addition to this, a study by Burrows et al. (2007) has suggested that the ongoing triad elements do not identify allwomen at risk from the syndrome,rather thatcriteria much(prenominal) as mold-related menstrual alterations, disturbed eating, and osteopenia may be more(prenominal) inhibit (Gottschlich Young, 2006).Eating disordersThere is a reduced energy availability (the amount of dietary energy remaining for other body functions after exercise provision such as cellular maintenance, thermogenesis, immunity, growth, reproduction, and locomotion) associated with disordered eating which is the result of an exercise energy expenditure greater than a dietary energy intake. This compensation by physiological mechanisms to reduce the amount of energy make available to these functions tends to restore energy balance in the body and come along survival, but consequently impairs health.Extreme cases of eating disorders could include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. many another(prenominal) athletes do not meet the strict criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa that be listed by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) in the Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fig. 2) but will however, manifest similar disordered eating behaviours as part of the triad syndrome (Hobart and Smucker, 2000).The term anorexia athletica or disordered eating has been utilize to distinguish between pathological anorexia and eating disorders associated with training and sports performance. The criteria for this include perfectionism, compulsiveness, competitiveness, high self motivation, menstrual disturbances, and at least one unhealthy method of weight control such as fasting, vomiting, and use of diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics (Birch 2005). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as mentioned above was reviewed by the American Psychiatric Association (2000) to include a more comprehensive classification of eating disorders not otherwise stipulate (EDNOS) for athletes who do not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Fig. 3).Functional hypothalamic amenorrheaSome clinical menstrual disorders are obvious to modify women such as oligomenorrhea (menstrual cycles 35 days) and amenorrhea (no cycles for 90 days), but sub-clinical menstrual disorders are not, e.g. luteal deficiency and anovulation. Amenorrhea may be cause by a wide range of organic diseases, genetic abnormalities, energy deficiency, and stress. aesculapian tests are required to diagnose the etiology of amenorrhea so that inhibit care can be offered to sufferers of the syndrome (Manore et al. 2007).Amenorrhea that is related to athletic training and weight fluctuation is caused by changes in the hypothalamus which result in decreased levels of estrogen. Amenorrhea in the female athlete triad, according to (Hobart and Smucker, 2000), can be sort out as primary or secondaryPrimary amenorrhea no spontaneous uterine bleeding in the following situations (a) by the age of 14 years without the development of secondary sexual characteristics, or (b) by the age of 16 years with otherwise normal development. junior-grade amenorrhea the absence of menstrual bleeding in a female for (a) 6 months with primary regular menses, or (b) 12 months with previous oligomenorrhea.The lawsuit of amenorrhea caused by low energy availability associated with eating disorders is classified as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). In FHA, ovarian function is suppressed by an abnormally slow frequency of luteinising hormone (LH) pulses in the blood. LH pulsatility is regulated in part by neurological pathways originating in specialised neurons which can sense the availability of oxidisable metabolic fuels (Wade Jones, 2004).There are many causes of menstrual disorders, many of which are not completely understood. Pulsatile vent-hole of luteinising hormone is decreased, which leads initially to luteal kind defects. In addition, women with luteal phase defects and amenorrhoea will have higher concentrations of growth hormone and cortisol and lower concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triodothyronine when compared with sedentary women. These hormones are related to metabolism, which means they are also related to nu tritional and metabolic status. When these hormones indicate that energy availability is low over a period of time, the menstrual cycle will be temporarily suppressed in order to conserve energy (Birch 2005).OsteoporosisOsteoporosis, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhance skeletal fragility and increased risk of fracture (Otis et al. 1997).This is the final component of thefemale athlete triadwhich exists on a continuum from optimal bone health to osteoporosis and focuses on bone strength, which consists of BMD and bone quality. Bone quality refers to bone turnover evaluate (resorption versus formation, time for maturation of the new bone matrix, microarchitecture or trabeculae, bone geometry and size, etc.).The softness to measure bone quality at this time leaves one fractional of the equation for bone health empty and offers an explanation f or why near athletes may suffer more fractures even if they have the same sorry bone density as their peers. Therefore, double energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are used as a quantitative measure of bone health. (Gottschlich Young, 2006).The human Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines on how to classify BMD using dual energy radiographic absortiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis is defined as BMD greater than 2.5 standard deviations on a lower floor the mean of young adults. Osteopenia is defined by a BMD 1 to 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young adults (Kanis et al. 1994). Recently however, the International Society for clinical Densitometry (ISCD) published a statement (Lewiecki et al. 2004) that the WHOs guidelines for osteoporosis should not actually be used on healthy premenopausal females. They suggest instead that Z-scores should be used rather than T-scores for the diagnosing of osteoporosis in this particular population.According to Brunet (2005 ), there is an increased risk for fracture in the elderly population as well as the young in conjunction with osteoporosis. Some of the associated risk factors include thyroid or corticosteroid medications, smoking, a low calcium diet, amenorrhea, a family history of osteoporosis, a sedentary lifestyle, and a lack of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) post menopause (Bellantoni, 1996). According to the American Academy of orthopaedic Surgeons (1991), gender can play a part with females being 8 times more likely to develop osteoporosis than males. The reason for this is a decreased baseline bone mass and also, an increased level of bone dousing associated with menopause.TreatmentThe clinical suspicion alone that someone is suffering from female athlete triad should be decent indication to start with healing(predicate) and preventive steps, such as a reduction in training loads, an increase in bodyweight, and improvements in diet. These clinical suspicions could be based on person al history such as previous stress fractures, or based on the presence of other factors such as amenorrhea. These steps aim at returning estrogen production to normal levels by normalizing the disturbed menstrual cycle.If this goal is not achieved, the lack of estrogens has to be set with exogenous estrogens administration, particularly in the case of secondary amenorrhea, to ensure execution of peak bone mass (PBM). If osteoporosis is documented, it is an additional indication for hormonal substitution. There are two ways to carry this out, and can be selected in relation to the age or to special wishes of the athletes like contraception and cycle control. Either estrogens as a part of a birth control pill or a HRT with natural estrogens and progestins. Both treatments get hold of to consider the minimal dose of estrogens necessary for prevention of osteoporosis. In addition, sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D may not be neglected. Regarding the long-term results of the proposed hormonal treatment, it has to be admitted that prospective results from longitudinal studies are completely lacking, and that more research is urgently needed (Roth et al. 2000).ConclusionLow energy availability with or without eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, alone or in combination, pose significant health risks to physically active girls and women. Prevention, recognition, and treatment of these clinical conditions should be a priority of those who work with female athletes to ensure that they increase the benefits of regular exercise. (Nattiv et al. 1994).Prevention of the triad, or at least an early diagnosis of it, is certainly better than the cure. More efforts should be undertaken to appropriately inform physicians, athletes, coaches, officials and parents on all the different aspects of the triad. Dealing with this syndrome, according to Roth et al. (2000), may offer a chance to the female athlete the opportunity for a deeper reflection almost her bodily function and the relative importance and perspective of performance and success in sports.ReferencesAmerican Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Athletic training and sports treat (1991), 2nd ed., Park Ridge (IL) American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (1994), 4th ed., Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association, 539-50.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2000), 4th ed., Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association.Bellantoni, M.F. (1996) Osteoporosis prevention and treatment, Am Fam Physician, 54(3), 986-92.Birch, K. (2005) Female athlete triad, British Medical Journal, 330(7485), 244-6.Brunet, M. (2005)Female athlete triadClin Sports Med,24(3), 623-36, ix.Burrows, M., Shepherd, H., Bird, S., MacLeod, K., Ward, B. (2007)The components of the female athlete triad do not identify all physically active fema les at risk,J Sports Sci, 25(12), 1289-97.Gottschlich, L. M. Young, C. C. (2006) Female athlete triad, Medical College of Wisconsin online, available http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/89260-overview accessed 13 decline 2009.Hobart, J.A., Smucker, D.R. (2000) The female athlete triad, Am Fam Physician, 61(11), 3357-67.Kanis, J.A., Melton, L.J., Christiansen, C., et al. (1994) The diagnosis of osteoporosis, J Bone miner Res, 9, 1137-41.Lewiecki, E.M., Watts, N.B., McClung, M.R., et al. (2004) Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, J Clinical Densitom, 89(8), 3651-5.Loucks, A.B. (1990) cause of exercise training on the menstrual cycle existence and mechanisms,Med Sci Sports Exerc, 22(3), 275-80.Manore, M.M., Kam, L.C., Loucks, A.B. (2007) The female athlete triad components, nutrition issues, and health consequences, Journal of Sports SciencesNattiv, A., Agostini, R., Drinkwater, B., Yeager, K.K. (1994) The female athlete triad. The inter-relat edness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, Clin Sports Med, 13, 405-18.Otis, C,L,, Drinkwater, B., Johnson, M. (1997) ACSM position stand the female athlete triad, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29(5), i-ix.Roth, D., Meyer, Egli Ch., Kriemler, S., Birkhuser M., Jaeger, P., Imhof, U., Mannhart, C., Seiler, R., Marti, B. (2000) Female athlete triad, Schweiz. Ztschr. Sportmed. Sporttraum, 48, 119-132.

Individual Choice In A Clockwork Orange English Literature Essay

Individual Choice In A Clockwork orange English Literature EssayA Clockwork orange tree is a sassy that shocks with its explicit lurid images, its savage protagonist, difficult talking to and a feral prophesy of the future. It is a impertinent which, with a abet of Stanley Kubricks flash adaptation, became the main work associated with the name of Anthony bourgeois. burgess, however, was a actually(prenominal) prolific artist. He wrote thirty-four works of fiction, fifteen nonfiction phonograph recordings including re tantrums and criticism, twain biographies, plays, screenplays, translations and a majuscule deal of music (Keen 10). burgher neer considered A Clockwork orangish his best raw and constitute al right smarts stayed disap layered that exclusively this wizard brought him such a huge worldly concern financial aid. He believed he wrote farthest better, mature books and worried that he would become something of a shadow do- nonhing Kubricks film adapta tion (Clockwork vii). The authors anxieties came true, in a make, but the truth form that although it is Stanley Kubrick who made A Clockwork orangish celebrated, it is Anthony bourgeois who created a r be masterpiece that truly few makeers could stay indifferent to.As burgher him ego admitted, A Clockwork orangeness is a earlier didactic novel. At matchless point of his life he became aw be of the growing aggression and military unit among the y let outh. In A thousand words forrader breakfast interview burgher admitted, that however he despised teenage gangs, he strongly contradicting to the proposals of u unrighteousnessg Pavlovian techniques to deal with unpeaceful citizens. He al moods believed in escaped give and immunity of prime(a). burgess, as a Catholic, was sure, that only by choosing to do bully peerlesss soul rotter be saved. A Clockwork Orange condemns hu art object conditioning and intends to promote the nonion of respective(prenominal) sur vival of the fittest (Clockwork ix). consort to Burgess, it is better for gentle cosmos to choose evil than non to have a improperness of choice at from each maven. Free go forth is piece greatest gift that should never be taken out. Burgess admitted, that promoting mens e universecipation is what he have al focal points been trying to do in his work. What distinguishes A Clockwork Orange from otherwise of his works, is similarly the special language he created for the novel and the fact, that for the first of all time he made such an explicit substance abuse of craze. As an author of a book such beneficial of cruel and sexual images, Burgess was exposed to much criticism and accusation of promoting vehemence. The novel became to be read as a pure controversy and the regard as didactic role was by m some(prenominal) readers overlooked. Have the book became famous for its moralistic values, and non been read as a shocker, it would bring Burgess a completely d ifferent fame. Unfortunately for the author, for most people he would al centerings be the one who dargond to describe most abhorrent acts of emphasis and materialisation people with a taste for hatred, blood and coddle. scarce Burgess, in fact, does non standardized rage and presenting sex in his books. During the interview in Italy in 1974, Burgess said that he overly included a biographic element in the book. His first wife have been aggressed by a group of s venerableiers and despite it has not been a sexual attack but the act of robbery, it resulted in her having a miscarriage and supposedly, her hithertotual death. Burgess wrote a novel that seems to be pornographic but at the selfsame(prenominal) time tries to preach, because such combination had a great chance to mark A Clockwork Orange popular. In the same, Italian interview, Burgess decl atomic number 18d smut recreationgus and violence, and the teachy, preachy quality and when you get these two together you norm eachy start out a book that bath become a bestseller.A Clockwork Orange is a truly controversial novel. Some c all in all it pornographic, for others its violent imagery is almost impossible to stand. except Anthony Burgess surely did not mean to write a shocker. He aimed the novel to preach, even more than each(prenominal) of his previous works did before. Burgess meant to promote freedom of individual choice and to remark anyone who would ever d be to take this precious gift international from the human race creation. populace is not to be condition and manipulated, since when a man domiciliatenot choose he ceases to be a man (Clockwork 63).2. Pelagian and Augustinian points of view on Original Sin and Free Will and their reflection in Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork OrangeAnthony Burgess frequently returned in his works to the conflict of disdainful and libertarian ideas, which he called Pelagian and Augustinian points of view. Pelagianism is named later onwa rds a monk who argued against the notion of Original Sin, Pelagius. accord to G.F. Wiggerss Historical Presentation of Augustinism and Pelagianism from the Original Sources, Pelagius stated, that each infant is raw(a) in the same state as Adam has been before he sinned. Adams sin injured only him and not his posterity, so t here(predicate) is no extension of sin on the following generations. What follows, bodily death is not a penalisation, but a necessity of nature. Pelagius believed that man was effrontery free will and salvation is in humans hands, so he is able to do both(prenominal) genuine and evil. Man is even able, through repentance, to become good again after he has sinned. Consequently, there is an abstract possibility that all man can be perfect. Pelagius, thus, appears as an advocate of libertarian views.The doctrine of Augustinism was sort of an the contrary. First of all, Adams sin was propagated among all men, so each child is born with the Original Sin. The sin will always be propagated by the sottish lust in the act of procreation and all men are below the bureau of the devil from the precise first here and presently they are born. As a consequence of the first sin, people suffer the punishment of physical death, pains of parturition and toil of labourers. Augustinism denied the notion of free will, and stated that the only freedom that man has is to sin. Freedom to resists sin has been lost in addition as a punishment. According to Augustinians, the nature of man is entirely corrupted. Man is always more likely to choose evil rather than good and the only help for a human being is Gods grace (Wiggers 83-115).Burgess often presents history as a cyclical shifts of Pelagian (libertarian) and Augustinian (authoritarian) parties. With authoritarians in power, perceptual constancy is achieved by unforgiving rules, laws and societal stamp down. The faith in human perfectibility is growing, strict stop of authoritarians seems un necessary and finally, libertarian government gains control. This brings more freedom to the society, but with the felicity comes anarchy and the social stability is lost. There again, society cries for law and arrange and the in the altogetherfangled authoritarian party comes to rule. Such a swap of governments in power is visible in A Clockwork Orange. The novel begins clearly with a portrayal of an anarchic society and Pelagians in power. later Alex, the protagonist, is released from jail, he sincereizes that sweet laws were established and the police forces grown bigger, which indicates that the country is run by Augustinians (Rabinovitz 43-46).The conflict of Pelagianism and Augustinism is also visible in the novels characters. The writer F. horse parsley is a libertarian. He believes in human perfectibility. F. Alexander is an author of a book, A Clockwork Orange (a fair gloopy title (Clockwork 18), according to Alex) which presents its authors strongest libertarian vi ews. For F. Alexander, human being is a dearieer of growth and capable of sweetness (Clockwork 18). Later in the novel, however, his hypocrisy comes to light, and when F. Alexander learns that Alex is the one who raped his wife, he agrees to the plan of driving the new-fashioned immoral to suicide. Burgess here, by the inability of F. Alexander to stick to his faith, seems to slightly criticize Pelagianism. Young Alex, in opposition to F. Alexander, has many Augustinian characteristics. He is brutal, admires crime, holds power (at least(prenominal) at the get of the novel) among his droogs and does not believe in the rectitude of the human being.3. Radical behaviourism limiting the freedom of individual choiceBurgess strongly opposed to politicians who openly discussed possibilities of introducing conditioning as a way of eliminating criminal instincts. Very popular at that time became the doctrine of B.F. muleteer (1904- 1990) called radical behaviourism. According to Skin ner, human behaviour can always be explained in purely physical terms and it can be shaped by operant conditioning through reinforcement and punishment (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Burgess was very much frightened by these new ideas of people-control, conditioning techniques and behaviourists methods of reforming criminals.After the attack on a cat-lady, Alex is deceived by his gang who no chronic wants him as a leader and is caught by the police. This is a significant moment in the novel, since for the first time, Alex would be charged with a real punishment. He is taken away to Staja (State Jail) and becomes 6655321 and not your little droog Alex not no prolonged (Clockwork 57). But however hard is life in pri password house house for the untested protagonist, Alex manages to adapt to the conditions rather well. He becomes a help to the prison chaplain and is endureed to take heed to his be get it ond classical music of J.S. Bach or G.F. Handel. What is more, Alex finds a way to enjoy violence by reading the scriptI would read of these starlit yahoodies tolchocking each other and then peeting their Hebrew vino and get on to the bed with their wives like hand-maidens, real horror charge. That kept me going, brothers. (Clockwork 60)Alex also, tour earshot to the classical music, imagines himself helping in the crucifixion of Christ and he mostly concludes that being in Staja 84F was not all that wasted (Clockwork 60).Despite allthing, however, Alex precious to be free and saw his chance in Ludovicos Technique. He hears intimately(predicate) this new lotment in prison and volunteers to take part in the experiment. Alex is sure that the technique would get him out of prison, he thinks it would be the origin of his freedom. Ludovicos Technique turns out to be a cruel conditioning method, bite Alex into a mindless and weak machine.The Ludovicos Technique rests on Alex being strapped to a chair and forced to watch plastic films that consists of cr uel and disgusting scenes of violence. He has both his hands and legs chained to the chair, and clips on his forehead so that he could not close his eyes. The movies scenes include the beating of an old man by the younker boys, with lots of blood all around, or a multiple rape on a young girl. He is also presented with a film about a Japanese torture during the World War II, where the soldiers are fixed to trees with nails, with fire post under them. The soldiers have their tongues cut take away and there is also a scene of one soldiers head being sliced off with a sword. One of such movies is accompanied by the music of Ludwig van Beethoven so from then on, Alex is no time-consuming able to listen to it, which means he is being bereaved of the one and only passion he has got apart from violence in his life, his love for classical music. Watching all the movies is a great torture for Alex, he screams, cries and feels really throw away. But the reason of it is not his aversion t o blood and violence, it is only the effect of the injections he gets. His personal, psychological attitude toward violence does not change at all. When the Discharge Officer asks him whether he want to hit him, he does, when asked about a job he might get after being topical anaestheticise free, his first thought goes to theft. Day by day, however, Alexs beingness begins to associate the sight of violence with the feeling of nausea. One time, he begins to part his head against the wall out of desperation, but has to stop as in short as he realizes that this kind of violence is just like the violence from the films he sees every day. Alex feels disgorge at the very thought of violence but the intercession still goes onEvery day, my brothers, these films were like the same, all kicking and tolchocking and red red krovvy d schismping off of litsos and plots and spattering all over the camera lenses. It was unremarkably grinning and smecking malchicks in the height of nadsat fas hion or else teeheeheeing Jap tortures or brutal Nazi kickers and shooters. And each day the feeling of wanting to die with sickness and Gul snappyr pains and aches in the zoobies and dreadful horrible thirst grew really worse. (Clockwork 87-88)The Ludovicos Technique succeeds in making Alex a good boy. He cannot commit any act of violence any longer as gets sick even when thinking about crime. But the state of Alexs consciousness does not change, he does not understand that his violent ways were evil. He is at a time simply conditioned not to come alive his fists against anyone, to the point that he is not even able to defend himself. Anthony Burgess creates a portrait of a human being deprived of his freedom and the right to choose, stripped out of his humanity. The Ludovicos Technique creates a clockwork- machine, which without understanding how and why, never again would dare to think about any acts of force.4. The concepts of casualnessWhat is liberty has been discussed by philosophers from the number 1 of our times. Generally, two kinds of liberty can be exalted the abstract one in our minds, the inner feeling of being free and freedom that we achieve by not being restrained by extraneous circumstances. One can lack freedom to achieve goals because he/she has not got enough courage, power or abilities. The amount of freedom can also depend on laws, political order and other external forces. The two basic notions of liberty has been thoroughly discussed by Isaiah Berlin, the British spacious philosopher. In Berlins Two Concepts of Liberty he established the notions of positive and prejudicious liberty. The negative liberty defines to what degree one has, or should have control over his/her actions without the interference of other people, whereas the need of a person to be the master of ones own will and not to feel restrained by others is described as the positive liberty.Restricting ones freedom by others is usually considered a negative phenome non. However, the individual freedom cannot stay entirely open as it would lead to a complete social chaos. Philosophers such as Locke and Mill in England, or Constant and Tocqueville from France concur, that there should exist a minimum amount of personal freedom that cannot be violated under any circumstances. The violation of such freedom makes the moral growth impossible, it prevents one from setting and pursuing goals. The line between the private life of the individual and the public authority should be drawn very clearly (Berlin 117).Philosophers which were rose-colored about human nature believed that it is possible to have a large-minded area of personal freedom and maintain the social order at the same time. Others, such as Hobbes, argued that humans need strict control of authorities to avoid their mutual destruction (121). Mill also agreed that coercion is to be justified whenever we want to prevent depriving people of each others freedom.4.1. The concepts of positiv e and negative liberty in A Clockwork Orange before the operation of the Ludovicos techniqueAt the beginning of the novel, Alex is completely free, meaning that he does whatever he wants and whenever he wants it. The police and the authorities are unable to control the young criminalist and he is aboundingy aware of that. Alex breaks the law unceasingly but until the incident at the cat-ladys brook, he has not suffered any consequences of his violent activities. Referring to the terminology of Berlin, the novels protagonist enjoyed a total positive freedom, as he was self- confident and convinced of his impunity. The government, at least at the beginning of the novel seems ineffectual and unable to control the society, so Alexs negative freedom also stayed unrestricted.The reader may get the idea of how carefree is Alex about the violence and crime just in the very first paragraphs of the novelOur pockets were full of deng, so there was no real need from the point of view of cr asting any more pretty polly to tolchock some old veck in an highway and viddy him swim in his blood while we counted the takings divided by four, not to do the ultra- violent on some shivering starry grey-haired ptitsa in shop and go smecking off with the tills guts. (Clockwork 3)Alex talks about the horrid violent activities as if they were simple childlike games. Neither does he care about his victims, nor he fears being punished. It seems like for him, other human beings are just puppets which can be utilize whenever he necessarily to steal money or have a little fun over the sight of their blood. Alex and his friends spends their time in a Korova Milk Bar, imbibition milk laced with drugs, waiting for the drugs to start to kick, so they could go out and enjoy themselves in stealing and assaulting other citizens. When they attack an innocent man, rip his clothes, books and shell him very hard, Alex refers to it as of the nice beginning of the eveningWe hadnt through with(p ) much, I know, but that was only like the start of the evening and I make no appy polly loggies to thee or thine for that. The knives in the milk plus were cracking away nice and horrorshow now. (Clockwork 8)Later that evening they attack a nigh shop. The boys are then sure to provide themselves with the alibi by get drinks to some old women sitting at the bar but that does not mean they are afraid of being caught by the police. Indeed, when two young police officers come and ask questions, they are unable to arrest the young criminals although they seem to know they are guilty of the assault. The authorities appear as having no control at all over the gang and Alex comments on the whole situationBut myself, I couldnt help a bit of disappointment at things as they were those days. Nothing to fight against really. Everything as lucky as kiss-my-sharries. (Clockwork 12)The society in the first chapters of A Clockwork Orange is given as well as much of a negative liberty, there i s chaos and intimately anarchy. Another Alexs victim, the old drunkard singing on the side of the channel complains bitterly about the current state of the world. He doesnt want to live in a stinking world like this (Clockwork 12). When men are flying to the moon and spinning around the earth, there is no attention paid to earthly law nor order no more (Clockwork 13). Again, after the bloody fight with the rival gang (this would be real, this would be proper, this would be the nosh, the oozy, the britva, not just fisties and boots (Clockwork 13)) the police comes but the boys manage to run away and the police officers does not even make an attempt to chase them. As Alexs Post-Corrective Adviser, P.R. Deltoid comments, nobody can prove anything about anybody (Clockwork 30). Out of the two groups, the authorities and the young criminals, it is the latter who appears much smarter, while the police is slacken and clearly powerless.Still during the same night, Alex and his gang arrive s (with the stolen car) at the cottage away(p) the town borders. The location is called HOME and to Alex, it is a gloomy sort of a name (Clockwork 17). The passages that follows here are fill up with a horrible descriptions of violence and hatred. Ironically, the resident of the house, F. Alexander, is an author of a book, A Clockwork Orange, which preaches about the belief in human goodness and praises liberal values. Alex manages to read an excerpt from itThe attempt to trim down upon man, a creature of growth and capable of sweetness, to ooze juicily at the net round the bearded lips of God, the attempt to impose, I say, laws and conditions appropriate to a robotic creation, against this I rise my sword-pen. (Clockwork 18)What happens to the person who believes in the human race, is that he is being cruelly beaten up and is made to watch his wife being raped by all of the young criminals in turns. In Stanley Kubricks movie the scene was made even more revolting, as the gang members, while raping the innocent woman, were humming the joyful song- Singin in the Rain.To many readers, the violence in the novel is so horrifying that it is hard to stand and the protagonist seems to be a psychopath. But Alex is fully aware of his actions. He knows what is right and what is wrong(p) and he consciously chooses to be severeness. He finds evil a ingrained part of human nature and is irritated with all the discussions about the causes of itBut brothers, this biting of their toe-nails over what is the cause of badness is what turns me into a fine express mirth malchick. They dont go into the cause of goodness, so why the other shop? If lewdies are good thats because they like it, and I wouldnt ever interfere with their pleasures, and so of the other shop. And I was patronizing the other shop. More, badness is of the self, the one, the you or me on our oddy knockies, and that self is made by old Bog or God and is his great pride and radosty. But the not-self can not have the bad, meaning they of the government and the judges and the schools cannot allow the bad because they cannot allow the self. And is not our modern history, my brothers, the story of brave malenky selves conflict these big machines? I am serious with you, brothers, over this. But what I do I do because I like to do. (Clockwork 31)Alex is surely a very bright boy. His thoughts very often struck the reader with quite an intelligence as for a teenager. He is right about the natural existence of both good and evil in the world and very accurately notices a general tendency to discuss the causes of human bad and not good behavior. Alex also argues for the human right of individual choice and opposes all the attempts to restrict his personal freedom.What Alex does not realize, is that he already has a great amount of freedom. No authorities hold any power over him, neither the police, nor school or his parents. He lives in most a lawless world in which came true the most dem oralised ideas of philosophers human beings, when given too much freedom, turn against one other and create a dark and chaotic kind of world. Another boldness of which Alex seems to be completely unaware of is the fact, that while enjoying his freedom to act as he pleases, he infringes the rights of others. The freedom of an individual should end when it starts to violate the liberty of another human being.4.2. The end of Alexs limitless freedomAt the beginning of the novel Alex is presented as an unquestionable leader of his gang. But the other boys soft grow tired of the dictatorship and decide to rebel. During the attack on the house of the rich old lady, Alex is tricked by his friends and is left behind to be caught by the police. This is the first time that the young criminal would meet the consequences of his actions. The police treats him badly. He is being beaten and offended, just as he used to treat his own victims. Nevertheless, Alex seems to be rather shocked that he can very become a victim of violence too and the thought that he is being fairly punished does not ever cross his mind, not even after his victims death. After his imprisonment, Alexs moods switches from feeling pity for himself (I was not your charming young Narrator any longer but a real strack of a sight (Clockwork 51)), humiliating himself (like some real bezoomny veck, I even said Sorry, brothers, that was not the right thing at all. Sorry pitiable sorry. (Clockwork 52)), to real anger and the feeling of injustice (I thought to myself, Hell and shoot down you all, if all you bastards are on the side of the Good then Im rapturous I belong to the other shop (Clockwork 53)). The last of Alexs thought carries a very important message for the whole novel. It underlines the hypocrisy of those, who called themselves good people. The ones who are supposed to be the epitomes of goodness and defend the law, come out as capable of the same vulgarity and violence as Alex and his gang. Anthony Burgess manages to show how difficult and risky it is to classify the world in terms of goodness and evil. On the one hand, Alex only gets what he deserves, but on the other, how can the good be distinguished from the evil, if both turn out to be capable of committing a great wrong?While doing his time in prison, one day, Alex hears about the new like treatment that gets you out of prison in no time at all and makes sure that you never get prat in again (Clockwork 62). Alex becomes excited about the new technique but is not aware that what seems as an easy way to regain his freedom, would actually be a brutal end of it. From the very beginning, the prison chaplain warns Alex, that not only is the treatment still in its data-based stage, but it is also an extremely forceful technique. It seems that Anthony Burgess expresses here his deepest concern, the one about the necessity for the human being to have a freedom of individual choice. The very fundamental doubt, for the p rison chaplain, is whether a man can be artificially made goodThe question is whether such technique can really make a man good. purity comes from within, 6655321. Goodness is something chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man. (Clockwork 63)The chaplain also thinks, that perhaps the one who chooses to be bad is in some way better than a person who has goodness imposed upon him (Clockwork 70). Also the regulator is against the Ludovicos Technique, as he sees a desire to get ones revenge as a natural part of human nature. Despite everything, however, after Alex beats another prisoner to death, he gets a chance to become a volunteer for the new treatment. He sees the event as the new beginning of his freedom. Now his criminal instinct will be killed. The evil will be turned into good.At the beginning, Alex feels wonderful and very lucky. He is taken to a new white building, has a whole cell with a bed for himself, he gets a new clean pajamas, and is told that the whole treatment consists only in watching movies and getting an injection of vitamins after every meal. Ludovicos Technique however, turns out to be a cruel form of aesculapian conditioning. Alex is stripped to a chair and forced to watch very drastic and abhorrent movies. The scenes he watches do not disgust him, as Alex himself used to take part in many awful acts of violence, but the injections he gets causes illness. His organism begins to associate the sight of the movies and nausea, so that he begins to feel sick even at the very thought of violence. After the treatment Alex is no longer violent, he is not even able to fight fundament or defend himself.A day before Alex is to be set free, he goes through a trial. He is given his clothes, boots and razor back and is put in the middle of the big room with a full audience of important figures watching him. After the lights goes down and the spotlight comes on Alex, he sees a man coming up to him. The man welcomes Alex, referring to h im as a heap of dirt (Clockwork 92. He stamps of Alexs feet, scratches his face with a fingernail and goes on with offending him. When Alex attempts to get his razor out of his pocket, he immediately feels very sick. Knowing that to stop nausea he has to change his way of thinking, he becomes over-polite and even gets on his knees and licks the mans shoes. Later, on the scene appears a young and very beautiful girl. Alex comment on the impression that she made on him is very point-blankShe came up towards me with the light like it was the like light of celestial grace and all that cal coming with her, and the first thing that flashed into my gulliver was that I would like to have her right down there on the floor with the old in-out real savage () (Clockwork 95)But again he is quickly overtaken by the feeling of nausea and headaches and he has to think of some other way to get close to the girl. Alex assumes a very courteous tone, let me pietism you and be like your helper and pro tector from the wicked like world, he says, let me be like your true king (Clockwork 96).Everyone except the prison chaplain is impressed by how the new techniques changed Alex. The chaplain although alcoholic and a slightly suffering figure in the novel, is the only person who realizes the great wrong that has been through to the boy and he is certainly a spokesman for Burgesss views in a bookChoice. He has no real choice, has he? Self-interest, fear of physical pain, operate him to that grotesque act of self-abasement. Its insincerity was clearly to be seen. He ceases to be a wrongdoer. He ceases also to be a creature of moral choice. (Clockwork 94)What Burgess presents is not the success of the behavioural conditioning, but a man stripped out of his freedom of choice and what follows, of his humanity. Even Alex, at first so excited about the Ludovicos Technique, suddenly realizes what have been done to him Am I just to be like a clock-work orange? (Clockwork 94), he screams at one point. Alex is turned into a true, but clockwork Christian. He is now always ready to turn the other cheek, ready to be crucified rather than crucify. He feels sick even at the thought of killing a flyAnd that was right, brothers, because when he said that I thought of killing a fly and felt just that tiny bit sick, but I pushed the sickness and pain back by thinking of the fly being fed with bits of sugar and looked after like a bleeding pet and all that cal. (Clockwork 96)Burgesss message is very clear. An ideal citizen should always decide for himself and not only be artificially made to be good. To have a chance for salvation, man has to choose good over evil. Either conditioned by Pavlovian, Skinners or invented by Burgess Ludovicos technique, human being becomes not only weak but is also deprived of his dignity. What makes the man is his freedom, pride and ability to choose. Without them, he becomes nothing more but a machine, powerless creature in the hands of overwhelmin g science.4.3. A clockwork orange set freeWhen Alex is set free again and out in the world, from the topical anesthetic newspaper he gets to know that the world he knew has changed dramatically. The streets are now clean, there is no anarchy anymore and the police is much tougher with the local crime. The freedom of citizens, oddly their negative freedom has been restricted. The peace-loving ladies and gentlemen can mall through the streets again, without the fear of being attacked by any young hooligans. Alex no longer feels like he rules the world, what surrounds him is all unknown to him, he feels sick all the time and do not have a place to go. He is no longer welcome to his home, his possessions have been sold and the new guy called Joy has taken his place and acts like a son to Alexs parents. People look different, fashion has changed and the music shop is now filled with pop music. But Alex in no longer able to enjoy his beloved classical musicIt was that these doctor brat chnies had so fix things that any music that was like for the emotions would make me sick just like viddying or wanting to do violence. It was because all those violence films had music with them. And I remembered especially that horrible Nazi film with the Beethoven Fifth, last movement. And now here was lovely Mozart made horrible. (Clockwork 104)Feeling horrible all the time, Alex thinks of committing suicide and goes to the public library to find how to do it without pain, but again he gets disgustful at the sight of illustrations in medical books and the attempt to read the Bible fails him too. He is hopeless and cannot find himself in the new world. When he begins to call option and a very old man tells him he is far too young to die and still has everything in front of him, Alex replies bitterly Yes. like a pair of false groodies (Clockwork 107).Alexs situations goes from bad to worse, when

The Age Of Enlightenment In 18th Century History Essay

The Age Of know takege In eighteenth Century write up EssayIn the dictionary the Enlightenment is defined as a philosophical movement of the eighteenth century, characterized by belief in the spot of human reason and by innovations in political, sacred, and educational doctrine. The Enlightenment was enabled by the Scientific Revolution, which had begun as early as 1500. This intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement propagate through England, France, Ger many another(prenominal), and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. I will discuss the Enlightenment and describe the impact it had on societies of the 18th century.Schmidt in his article describe what Enlightenment was by Kants definition, which is a mans tutelage which is the in ability to practice use of ones understanding without the direction or help from another. He describes how someone by depending on others to make choices for them.1Its main focus was on the eudaemonia of mankind. The changes tha t came during the age of Enlightenment would provide not scarce a sane way of looking at club but stilling nation from ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and make the world a safer and better place by providing liberty mentally and physically to those hoi polloi. The utility of Enlightenment goes on to kick downstairs errors, truth drives out falsehood as light drives away darkness.2 found on thinkers that eagerly seek reason vainly supposed that a perfect society could be constructed by the use of common whiz and tolerance.Religion was a main factor that stood in the way of societies becoming enlightenment during the 18th century. Because of religious superstitions and fanaticism it hindered tribes ability to rationalize in events that top in everyday breeding. Schmidt points out that the goal of Enlightenment was to free the public from those fears, which robbed people of their contentment that was the goal of human association.3Support for religious toleration was difficult since the Catholic Church had a adult brand on European societies. Clearly religious enlightenment had not come a groundswell from below by the 1780s.4For many centuries forward the enlightenment scientist were persecuted and un seriously punished for coming up with theories and logical arguments about genuine things. For physical exercise enlighten thinker Galileo5for challenging the church for his scientific discovery of how the population works, was persecuted by the church and other establishments for coming up with theories that went against their beliefs. Other thinkers desire Voltaire6devoted a great deal of his cartridge holder attacking the fundamentals of Christianity including its scriptures and was joined by a band of rebellious thinkers k at presentn as the philosophe.7These thinkers gave path to a new way of thinking and in epoch brought ideas and changes to their societies. Monarchs themselves became enlighten and no longer held the beliefs of rul ing by divine well(p) but to the improvements of their realms and subjects by reasoning. The church was very instrumental in societies and before the age of enlightenment it did everything in their power to combat scholars, humanist, scientist etc. As societies began to become enlighten, a new religious view called Deism8emerged. legion(predicate) inventions were created and policies brought forth by monarchs were aimed on trying to separate church and postulate to create a society of religious freedom. Human virtue and happiness were best achieved by this newly established freedom from unnecessary restraints obligate by church and also the state.This period was mark by progression. mavin of the defining characteristics of modernity is the belief that things can change and should change, which the enlightenment has been seen as this era.9Changes occurred and Enlighten Absolutism emerged. Some Monarchs that were enlightened during the 18th century were Frederick II of Prussia, C atherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph the II, Holy Roman Emperor of Austria. Even though their opposed policy didnt change much as each ruler seek to expand their powers and acquire new territories by going to war, they do certain internal changes in their realm that expanded intellectual freedom and liberty. Their solicitude was now centered on rationalizing and advocating reform. Government was now protecting individualistic rights, and when the government violated peoples natural rights, it violated the social contract. An example was the french Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen, which showed what kind of freedoms cut people were entitled to. These improvements made the average persons vocalise be heard and people started to feel these changes throughout their lives. The focus was now on both faith in spirit and belief in progression, because it led to the betterment of human condition. This also resulted in economic expansion because many rulers embrac e free trade and markets which alter their lives as well as their subjects. This gave rise to the Bourgeoisie10, who became prominent during the 18th century who voiced their opinions on the elite, equal the nobility. Within a twain of generations saw improvements in education, criminal justice, taxation, religious freedom, and prosperity.11The common people were now able to feel like their voice was heard in their society. With these laws and freedoms allow people were able to get better jobs, belong to any faith of their choosing, and think for themselves and not be forced to believe or do things that they felt wasnt part of who they were.This age was a step further in progression in the field of science. Nature was starting to be seen divergently. Diderot12gave the design of constitution the qualities of dynamism and individuality, or self-generating temporal process that submitted concepts of both Leibnitzian and the Newtonian world systems in his thinking.13This thinki ng of appreciation of external nature was a step forward in knowledge of the surroundings of societies and the results of things that occur in nature. This period emphasized the importance of science like biota in society. How everything was connected to each other and discoveries were made that gave people the ability to look at things from another perspective. This is relevant to the enlightenment for the fact that people were viewing the world differently and discoveries and creation of something like the encyclopedia, and the teachings of science only led to the improvement of society, because technology started advancing and inventions were made to make peoples life much easier. And science and the influence of reason led to new innovations in political thought.Then philosophers started to write topics that relate to government, politics, and rights. Montesquieu presenting the concept of separating of branches and Thomas Hobbes, prat Locke who had different theories and ideas about what type of government there should be. Locke was not just a philosopher but a major ideologue.14Locke played a major role in the social contract theory, which tries to explain the ways in which people form states to maintain social order. These kinds of concepts and views gave people the chance to voice their opinion of how their government should rule their countries. It was a tough period because people had different opinion whether they wanted a limited government and dogmatic monarchy etc. These concepts would change society dramatically because with different government comes different laws and norms. This would have an impact on everyones lives. This and other factors led to wars like the French revolution.15People wanted change and that is exactly what happened. Monarchy like the one in France collapsed. People started organizing and trying to protect their fellow citizens and themselves to keep their inalienable rights. familiarity in France underwent a massive tr ansformation as feudal, aristocracy, and religious privileges changed because of spare political groups that started masses on streets. This would mark the end of the enlightenment by historians but it lead to many changes to society in all fronts. Things like romanticism played a role in the ending of Enlightenment because people would reject scientific rationalization of nature and focus more than on things of less value like art, music, and literature. Countries like America were started during the 18th century because of enlightenment ideals that colonist had when they fought England for their independence as well. That was a big victory for Enlightenment thinkers because this new nation would represent a serve of what the Enlightenment was based on.In the period of the Enlightenment there were many changes that brought changes to society in many forms. There came many good things from that time and bad. People started to use reason and logic for running their government, cha nging society for the betterment of its people, and innovations in science which led to many discoveries. These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would stretch forth to affect Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come. The cardinal years wars16was also a cause of the enlightenment for its destructive wars that led many writers to criticize the government for regarding ideas of nationalism and warfare. Many things played a role during the Enlightenment but the impact and effect it had echoed around the world.

Retailing in the Digital Age :: M&M’s World at Leicester Square

IntroductionTo flourish the customers obtain experience and satisfaction, the atmosphere while they ar shopping was necessary. The atmospheric static were first founded by Kotler (1973) as an essential instrument to hold the shopping environment to produce the emotional resultant on the customer buying decision. There are further studied to classify these. However, most of them were active the bodily environment but after the 21st century, concepts of an online store were applied. octuple channels are a concept of this sequence, to be the survivor sellers name to adapt themselves as well. This report contains the findings and analyses, which include the atmospheric variables, online retail environment, online retail atmosphere and opportunities and challenge of e-retailing.Findings and AnalysesAtmospherics in term of Kotler (1973) definition are an important marketing tool that effect directly to the customer deportment. set it simply, this is about the sensory effect at mosphere including sight, sound, scent and touch. This is also a part of the product that could effect to the consumer behaviour. To attempt and hold the specific atom of the target could increase the atmosphere in the store an increase buyers mark consumption thereby causing the increase of procure probability. According to Turley and Milliman (2000), the behaviour of consumer could influence by the environment. From the study, there could come up with five categories that effect to the consumers evaluation and lead the behaviour response consist of external variables, usual interior variables, layout and design variables, point-of-purchase and decoration variables and human variables as can be seen in figure 1. Figure 1 Turley and Millimans retail atmospheric static frameworkNowadays, the retail industry transitioned from brick-and-mortar to click-and-mortar retailing. As a result of development on the Internet that has increased the flexibility for retailers to operate an o nline store in addition from their physical store. Moreover, the online channel also offers the benefit in selling products to the online shopper that value another customer segment (Ofek et al, 2010). Otherwise, the consumers behaviour in the era was not relying on one channel. They use relevant of technologies to search for an nurture in different ways, such as, read reviews from other customers, visit the physical store before purchasing online, finding the best price of purchase (Aubrey and Judge, 2012). This could illustrate that the customers use multi-channel for their purchase decision.In the 21st century, customers tend to be the multi-channel shopper that effect in the retailing industry.

1. Why do you think people are ?religious?? What particular aspects of

People are phantasmal for many reasons. These take on the difference religion makes in life story and how religious beliefs influence actions. holiness structures a religious individuals life. More than three billet of the terra firmas population consider they belong to a religion. entirely aspects of religion are reasons for a person to be religious. For some, the difference that consecrated places, books, prayer and celebration make is significant. Others, the belief that there is something beside our own world or the difference having a figure to follow can qualifying a life.Sacred places can help a person to open an ambition in life, a reason to live to reach this set apart place, for example the Holy place of Mecca for Muslims, a pilgrimage is taken, and this is a life experience for many Muslims.Books help many understand life, and much of cosmos religious is about understanding. They answer questions and instruct you in the right focusing in life.Prayer can be s een in two ways, in my opinion. The first is to pray to a God, to keep you and your loved ones safe, for security. Secondly, it gives a person a daily or weekly ritual, which can help in structuring lives. By having this structure also gives a person security and sometimes controls emotions in a very complicated society we live in. jubilation can be an appeal to religion, if a not strong one. Celebrating a belief among others passes on the faith to the future generations. The dictionary definition for religious is Pertaining t...

The Tao-te Ching by Lao-Tzu and The Prince by Machiavelli Essay

The Tao-te Ching by Lao-Tzu and The Prince by MachiavelliThroughout history, it can be argued that at the core of the majority of thriving societies has stood an effective allocation of leadership. Accordingly, in their respective works The Tao-te Ching and The Prince, Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli have sought-after(a) to reach a more complete understanding of this relationship. The theme of policy-making leaders and their intricate relationship with society indeed manifests itself at bottom two texts, however, some(prenominal) Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli fire this issue from well-nigh entirely opposite positions. Lao-Tzu appears to focalize the majority of his attention on letting problems or situations involve their level and allowing good to prevail. On the contrary, Machiavelli advocates the necessity for a successful leader, or prince, to take visit of his endeavors, and the skills or qualities necessary to brinytain power, at any cost. Since these thinkers both make an inquiry to what is essentially the same dilemma of effective leadership, it becomes almost a natural progression to juxtapose the two in an childbed to better understand what qualities a prosperous leader must possess. In this brain, when we utilize the rhetorical strategy of compare/contrast as a vehicle to transport us to a more enlightened indication of Lao-Tzu and Machiavellis conclusions, it becomes apparent that Machiavellis effort is much more successful as his practicality serves its purpose much more effectively.Although they share some similarities in ideology, these parallels are greatly overshadowed by the concepts in which Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli diverge. Their primary distinction lies within their view of pitying nature and its role in governing. Lao-Tzu maintains that if we advertise a system of governing to the least possible extent, then human nature should manifest a favorable temperance and dictate the counsellor of society. In fact, Lao-Tzu asserts numerous attemp ts to illustrate his point that if leaders, Stop Trying to control ( 57, 35), then there is no desire ( 37, 24), he dwells in human beings ( 38, 29), and the world will govern itself. ( 57, 35) Although this is an extremely optimistic and beneficial ideal, the main problem with Lao-Tzus entire philosophy is exactly that, it can moreover be viewed as a philosophy. Because it appears under the section entitled Government, I... ...d this consequently deducts from the validity of his advice.As he begins to conclude, Machiavelli states that the prince should think about avoiding those things which make him scorned and despised. (Mach 48) Although these lack any withstanding moral values, they are effective in the sense that they better serve their purpose. Machiavelli was seeking to display a way to confine political power by any means possible non a utopian state. This whitethorn mean malicious acts, imprisonment, and torture, or it may mean the utilization of power to achieve a c ommon good. Machiavelli doesnt elaborate on this. He concentrates on a realistic approach towards government, as he remains concerned with the establishment and protection of power. full treatment CitedBoltz, William G. Lao tzu Tao te ching. In Early Chinese Texts A bibliographical Guide, edited by Michael Loewe. Berkeley University of California, 1993.Kaltenmark, Max. Lao Tzu and Taoism. Translated by Roger Greaves. Stanford Stanford University Press. 1969.Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk The Easton Press, 2002.The Prince, and Other political Writings, tr. Stephen J. Milner, London, 1995

Integrated Cirriculum Research Paper -- Essays Papers

Integrated Cirriculum Research root Integrated curriculums are constantly becoming more popular with educators each and every day. It seems that with this change magnitude passion there should also be an increased activity of integrating taking place within the classroom. This, however, does not seem to be the case. Math and Science integration has been widely talked about and back up by educators young and old, but critics state that there is little tell apart to show the effectiveness of integration in the classroom. The reasons for the integration of subjects in the classroom are many and soft understood. Mathematics and science can easily be integrated given that mathsematics is often the tool for doing and sagacity science. (Furner, 1999) The idea of connecting subject areas has considerable face validity, because it seems like common sense. In the real world, peoples lives are not checkd into separate subjects therefore, it seems logical that subject areas sh ould not be separated in schools. (Czerniak, 1999) Supporters of math and science integration want the overall picture to focus on the students. Advocates cite the many advantages curriculum integration holds in helping students systema skeletale deeper understandings, see the big picture, make curriculum relevant to students, make connections among substitution concepts, and become interested and motivated in school. (Czerniak, 1999) The last part of this dictation seems to be the most critical. If we, as educators, can increase students interest in math and science (where enthusiasm is usually alternatively low) then integration would appear to be the way to go. With increased enthusiasm come better grades and attitudes. Integration relates directly to the c... ...tive effectively that is, more students control the objective, learn it more quickly, retain it longer or can don it in more diverse ways- the integrated strategy is probably a waste of time. (Hoachlander 1999) This data leaves us with a problem that needs to be resolved. What can be done about math and science integration so that it is effective? The answer may lie somewhere in the middle. A more modest approach to integration would be to conduct with separate classes but to integrate mathematics into the science course and/or science into the math course. (Judson 2000) Whatever the answer is that educators come up with for integration in the classroom, it will most definitely have a innovational effect on education as we know it. But as of this moment, we need to integrate our ideas and efforts, so that finding the answer is that much easier

Essay --

oer one billion people do not have rile to clean pee and less than 10% of the worlds population receive a treated water supply. I find this ambitious as well as being essential to preserving life, water contributes to our life style in so many ways, from the generation of steam for industrial routine and electricity generation to the foods we eat. Today chemical engineers face the challenge of ensuring water is purified as well as finding solutions to the wasting of this precious resource. I am particularly interested in the process of water katharsis from subsurface aquifers and surface sources, such as lakes and rivers, to produce portable swallow water. The reason that this sector has sparked a significant interest is because I acquire from Somalia, a country where clean water is so difficult to obtain. chemical substance engineering consolidates maths and chemistry, which is one of the main reasons I was first attracted to examine it. Mathematics has helped me approach problems in an analytical and rigorous way, formulating theories and applying them to solve problems. I particularly...

Trees :: essays research papers

TreesTrees argon woody represents with a discrete report, or trunk. They ar usually the tallest of plants, and their meridian and single main stem differentiate them from shrubs. Trees are perennials that live at least three years. nigh tree species are extremely short but others may take place a height of more than 367 feet. The General Sherman Tree, a giant sequoia in Californias Sequoia study Park, has a height of 275 feet and a diameter of 37 feet. The largest trees are not always the oldest. The bristlecone pine, for example, develops to a height of only 30 feet but one specimen has been date to be at least 4600 years old.There are twain general types of trees, angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are flowering plants that have a seed. They include maples and oaks, which are dominant species in Kentucky. Gymnosperms, on the other hand, do not back flowers. Their seeds lie exposed in structures such as cones or grievous cups called arils. This group includes conif ers, gingkos, and cycads.Trees grow throughout the world, from the icy regions near the Arctic to the horny tropical regions near the equator. They may grow along steep cliffs, in swamps and deserts, and on mountaintops at even the highest of elevations. Although trees can grow alone, most grow in strands, which consists of one species or a mixture of species. A wood is a plant community that is made up of the trees, shrubs, and herbs that cover an area. Forests set aside many social, economic, and environmental benefits. Forest provide wild life sentence habitat and recreational opportunities, obstruct soil erosion and flooding, and help to provide clean air and water. Forests are also an important defense against global climate change. Through a process known as photosynthesis, plants exchange the oxygen that is necessary for life with carbon dioxide, the chemical most responsible for global warming. By diminish the amount of carbon dioxide forests may reduce the effects of g lobal warming.In the United States, forests are threatened by extensive logging, called clear-cutting, which destroys much of the plant and animal habitats and leaves the landscape bare. Until the 1990s, the U.S. Forest Service was directed by sex act to maximize the amount of timber harvested in order to provide jobs. In the late 80s and early 90s, environmentalists sued the government for violating the National Environmental Policy Act. As a result, the amount of timber harvested was reduce and foresters were directed to follow a policy known as ecosystem management.

Plagiarism :: essays research papers

plagiarism is defined in the Encyclopedia Britannica Online as the act of taking the literary works of other person and passing them off as ones own. In my own words I define it as the stealing of someone elses literary work and taking credit for their committal to writings. Sometimes it is through with(p) intentionally as an act of complete dis reliabley. Someone may not want to exert the necessary effort required to research and compose his or her own work. They assume it would be easier to just copy another actors work. Another example of deliberate plagiarism is the buy or selling of papers, or hiring someone to write a paper. near frequently, plagiarism occurs without the writer knowing that he or she is plagiarizing. Simply quoting an author without stating where the quote was taken from and citing the name of author is plagiarizing. If someone uses an authors style of writing and/ or word usage throughout his/her paper that is also considered plagiarism. Whether m ake intentionally or in error, plagiarism is a crime that asshole warrant serious penalties Plagiarism is a severe problem because it has since vex an epidemic and is being practiced at an alarmingly increasing rate. It has conk out widely accepted among students at many colleges and universities across the United States. It has gotten to the delegate that many students dont even consider it cheating. This fact exclusively makes it even more serious and harder to control. It is now common practice to get under ones skin someone elses writing and turn it in as an victor work. It is not difficult to purchase a pre-written paper or strike another individual to write a paper. Students are willing to suffer whatever the cost so that they dont have to do the work themselves. In fact, paper-selling services such as this have construct quite a lucrative business. With the age of technology quickly travel it has become all the more easily to plagiarize.The impact of the Internet o n the plagiarism has been huge. You can find hundreds of websites that, for a fee, will offer papers on every topic imaginable. There are also websites that declare custom made papers written based on the pass on criteria. The ease and availability offered through such sites has tempted even the most honest students. With the stress and pressure that the pursuit higher education can function it is often a welcome release to have a ready-to-eat paper at the stroke of key.

My Philosophy of Education Essays -- Education Reflective Writing Teac

Philosophy of nurture upbringing provides people with the concord and basis of life. It enables us to explore the world. Teachers are important in a childs life because children are dependent for guidance, love and knowledge. It is up to us to provide these guidelines to the younger generations. As an educator, I am nauseated to guide the pursuit of ones goals and acquisition of knowledge. I bank in emphasizing the importance and value of an education that should carry beyond their high school years. I non only plan to see the basic skills, but also provide students with knowledge of the world they entrust face outside the trackroom. I lean towards the philosophy of progressivism. It enables students to relate finish making, creative thinking, and projects to their studies. Children will think that material at school is real if they can connect it to real life. Kids need to be engaged in higher level thinking skills. Therefore, I am a self-co loured proponent of cooperative groups and active l suck uping. Progressivism non only focuses of childrens faculty member needs but also their interests. I am a contemplative larner meaning that I take every characteristic of the manikin and students and plan around it. I love active l exonerateing which guide children in an atmosphere where they feel safe and can participate in fun, learning activities. Children can learn from each other which also creates a positive, relaxing learning environment. If you walked into my classroom, you would very seldom see kids sitting at their desks in complete silence. It is all about maintaining control. I am non an essentialist. I understand that students need to take standardized tests, but i... ... fostering reform is necessary for effective teachers and schools. The world is changing, curriculum changes and educational activity strategies changes. I will not get set in one pedagogy style and refuse to change. I will be up for every type of constructive criticism and suggestions. All children are different and then every class will be different. Effective teachers can not teach the same way each year. I hope to progress my education by going to graduate school. I would like to earn a masters degree in Reading. After I get positioned in a school, I would like to become nationally certified. I also want to subscribe to journal magazines such as The Reading Teacher or organizations such as Reading Association. In accomplishing these goals, it will make headway my knowledge in which I can top dog down to my students as well as doing it for myself. My Philosophy of Education Essays -- Education Reflective Writing TeacPhilosophy of Education Education provides people with the perceptiveness and basis of life. It enables us to explore the world. Teachers are important in a childs life because children are dependent for guidance, love an d knowledge. It is up to us to provide these guidelines to the younger generations. As an educator, I am nervous to guide the pursuit of ones goals and acquisition of knowledge. I rely in emphasizing the importance and value of an education that should carry beyond their high school years. I not only plan to teach the basic skills, but also provide students with knowledge of the world they will face outside the classroom. I lean towards the philosophy of progressivism. It enables students to relate decision making, creative thinking, and projects to their studies. Children will think that material at school is bona fide if they can connect it to real life. Kids need to be engaged in higher level thinking skills. Therefore, I am a blind drunk proponent of cooperative groups and active learning. Progressivism not only focuses of childrens academic needs but also their interests. I am a ruminative teacher meaning that I take every characteristic of the class and students and plan around it. I love active learning which rear children in an atmosphere where they feel safe and can participate in fun, learning activities. Children can learn from each other which also creates a positive, relaxing learning environment. If you walked into my classroom, you would very seldom see kids sitting at their desks in complete silence. It is all about maintaining control. I am not an essentialist. I understand that students need to take standardized tests, but i... ... Education reform is necessary for effective teachers and schools. The world is changing, curriculum changes and teaching strategies changes. I will not get set in one teaching style and refuse to change. I will be up for both type of constructive criticism and suggestions. All children are different and thereof every class will be different. Effective teachers can not teach the same way each year. I hope to further my education by g oing to graduate school. I would like to earn a masters degree in Reading. After I get positioned in a school, I would like to become nationally certified. I also want to subscribe to journal magazines such as The Reading Teacher or organizations such as Reading Association. In accomplishing these goals, it will further my knowledge in which I can principal down to my students as well as doing it for myself.