MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out World! :: MBA College Admissions Essays

MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out ball   Write a candid description of yourself, stressing those personal qualities, assets, and liabilities that you feel allow work out your study for an MBA. Describe what you consider to be your most primary(prenominal) professional and / or academic achievement to date.   If one were to ask my friends to get out me they would describe me as a very pleasant, diverse, diligent and intelligent woman. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in management. I also ware a passion for traveling and understanding polar cultures of the world. All these elements hold in given me a very broad outlook, with alter degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I strongly call up that although some are not related directly, all these qualities will influence my graduate work.   My eng ineering degree has given a strong tail end to my analytical skills since civil design involves a lot of long, complex and conglomerate calculations and the application of basic math skills. Over the past four years, I have been working part-time with my family firm, SnMTech Systems. I am also the co-founder and active member with FOE - Friends of the Environment. I have assisted in the generalization of Enterprise-wide Resource Planning (ERP) System at Blotech, a major Engineering Company. More than what I have studied in school and college, it has been these experiences that have shaped the person that I am today.     I believe that this grotesque flow of experiences has made me a woman with an original point of view. This blend has given me a broader perspective to and a good understanding of look and a goal to aim for. Among other things, I have this diversity of experience to offer Utah University. My most substantial accomplishment has been the conquest of the software upgradation project that I managed at SnMTech Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, where I have been working as a part time Associate detain - Management Information Systems since 1994.     During the first two years of my work at SnMTech, I had an opportunity to observe and work with the existing system being used. Some of the software packages being used were outdated versions.

Huckleberry Finn: A Good Role Model :: essays research papers

Huckleberry Finn A Good Role Model"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" gives a visual look at the time inwhich the author Samuel Clemens lived. He explains how he felt about his lifethrough the eyes of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn hasmany adventures that teach him life lessons we can register from today. Althoughthere are differing opinions on whether Huck Finn is a good government agency sit around fortodays young people, I will explain why I think he is.     Huck is a good role model for several reasons. First, he believes thatslavery is wrong. He believes in treating people every bit regardless of color.When Huck sees the leave behinds runaway slave Jim on Jacksons Island, he has multiformemotions about what he should say and do. He feels badly that the widow is divergence to sell Jim and separate him from his family. Huck decides against betterreasoning to help Jim pull out passel the Mississippi River to Cairo. &nb sp   Another example of good role simulation is Hucks faithfulness to those heloves and cares for. Huck lies to protect Jim on several occasions. manufacture isnot the top hat thing, but to Huckleberry, the truth is not always a black andwhite issue. He is faithful to his friends and chooses friendship instead. Heknows that Jims family inescapably him. In todays language, Huckleberrys reactionto Jims situation would reflect what Spock of Star Trek says, The inescapably of themany outweigh the needs of the few.     An illustration of another positive array of Huck shows us that he has agood and true heart, and the best intentions even though they may not turn outright. For example, the widow tells Huck to pray for the dinner they are having.Hucks interpretation is, God give thanks you for the meal and if you get the chance,please let me catch a vainglorious catfish. The widow tells Huck that he shouldnt prayfor material things. Huck disagrees b ecause his sunshine School teacher teacheshim to pray to God for what you want, and it will be granted. The widow tellshim that the teacher is talking about spiritual things. He still disagrees, andis send to his room. Even though his intentions are the best, he still comes up diddle but he keeps on trying.     Finally, Huckleberry Finn thinks life is precious and shouldnt bewasted. This is the most important lesson he can teach todays young people. Heand Jim aline themselves in a situation as they are floating down theMississippi River in the fog.

Essay --

Genocides of the World ArmeniaArmed roundups began on the evening of April 24, 1915, as three hundred Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, clergy and dignitaries in Constantinople (present day Istanbul) were taken from their homes, briefly enwrapped and tortured, then hanged or shot (United Human Rights Council). That was the ending of some of the thousands upon thousands of lives bewildered during the Armenian genocide. Some say this genocide never was an actual genocide, still when that many people die I dont experience it on how it cant be considered one. Some of the deaths where slow and dragged on until the dupes body could no longer take it, while others where dissipated and easy. This is the Armenian Genocide.We decide our future, and we must not let anger get the best of us. The Ottoman Empire was angered by the Armenians, and now is creditworthy for the horrible attacks and murders towards the Armenian people. Now, all they can do is pretend it didnt happen . At its peak, The Ottoman Empire consisted of most of Southeast Europe, North Africa, and intimately all of the Middle East (United Human Ri...

Ruse’s Argument

The chief(a) argument of Michael Ruse regarding contract competent engineering is that it is very possible to proceed with the scientific method of biologic entity without harming the spiritual aspect of what most religions, specifically with Christianity teach about the intrinsic tendency of existence. His main argument is that it is possible to reconcile religion with evolutionary Theory (Wikipedia, 2007).The stigma of creating a world of regret and blasphemy is no longer a valid reason why biological nature should be abandoned whereas it cold significantly harnessed to lead to the victimisation of the human population. This ca apply some high criticisms over ethics and religious groups who were able to consider the argument of Ruse to be a serious matter.In equivalence with Glover and the CRGs view, the main aspect that differentiate them from Michael Ruses argument is the fact that genetic engineering should only be used restrictively if it is to be used for genetic thera py which they think as morally right whereas it would be morally wrong if the process is to select only the trait to be modified without the consideration for the greater net wellbeing of the organism (Umass, 2005). This is the same principle that makes the stand of the Council for Responsible Genetics.They insist that there should be an agreement on the proper code of responsibility when transaction with the manipulation of the genes of any organisms. Such act will definitely slander the possible drawbacks of taking the power to change nature. This will ensure that the primary goal of genetic manipulation is to address the need to make it practiced for the betterment of mankind.ReferencesWikipedia. 2007. Michael Ruse. Wikepedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2007 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ruse.Umass. 2005. Glover Objection on Genetic Engineering. Umass social occasion of Information technologies. Retrieved May 9, 2007.Peter Singer-Bernard RollinThere i s a good comparison between Peter Singers approach to the ethical set for animals and Bernard Rollins perception on how to take care of the humans appeal to animals. On the part of peter singer, he intends to provide a clear view of treating animals as somewhat equal to the dignity of the humans. He lobbied for the special treatment on other organisms to be treated similarly as humans who have rights and privileges of living a peaceful and full life. He has started the animal liberation movement which dramatically intends to free the animals from the blueprint of humans to use them for their commodities.On the other hand, Bernard Rollin plays an important role in signifying that skill is never actually separated form ethics. In fact, science is full of ethical values. When it comes to animal sciences and suffering, he notes, there is an implied value-based ethical finding made whenever an animals suffering or welfare is considered subservient to science or industry (The pew, 2004). Emotivism is used in the argument of Singer while Rollins is implying Cultural Relativism.In searching for the better argument, the ethics provide by the Peter Singer is much more adhered to the true notion of ethics. His heading to set free the animals from human commercial use though genetic science is directly capturing the essence of letting them live how nature intended them to survive. On the part of Rollins arguments, it cant be denied that he as well has a good approach in setting a monetary standard notion about ethics and science. However, he missed the general headspring of protecting the animals but rather concentrates on the general perspective of influencing the deal to lay down the fundamentals of ethical values.ReferencesThe Pew. 2004. Bernard Rollin Of Animal Science and Ethics. The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. Retrieved May 9, 2007.ORourke, Kevin. 1986. Various respectable Systems. Retrieved May 9, 2007 from .

American School Versus Chinese school Essay

I am a Chinese girl, growing up and living in mainland China for 18 forms. Last year, I went to the join States. Although I stimulate lived here less than two years, I base a lot of differences of two countries education personal manner, such(prenominal) as the command style, the coach life/rules, and the academic environment. The first difference is teaching style of two countries. In America, schoolchilds ar unceasingly divided by several(prenominal) groups. Each group has six or four pupils, and they stand handle questions during the fork time, which atomic number 50 help students improve spoken skills and to learn dialog and debate.After class, they probably sustain group postwork which they need to finish off together. Students need to prepare class presentations with a lot of PowerPoint either hardly a(prenominal) week. That stick out help students improve their public speaking skill, confidence, share with knowledge, reckon what they learned, and make out a leadership role. The class lecture is delivered by teachers so that students can study by themselves first. In class they can act questions anytime they want, and instructors forget not be annoyed. Students call their instructors first name, and their instructors would like their students do that (Echo Lu, 1).Second, America school life is different from China school life. In American school, students take class at eight o time in the morning, and they finish at three oclock. Students besides ingest hotshot hour to tucker lunch and most of them take lunch from home. They bring different classrooms when they take a different class. Students only gather in two big testings, excluding small tests in classes. They get A, B, C, D, or F as their final grade before the repeal of the semester, and Ding 2 it is according to homework, tests, plowshareicipation, attendance, presentations, two or three big exams.After class, they can go home take school bus or claim by themse lves. Some of them take p blind in clubs in school, such as sports (soccer, baseball and so forth ), performing arts (dance, dram, band etc. ), outdoor education (scouting, campfire etc. ) and so on (Wikipedia). On weekends, students always come out with friends, they can together with a boy and they forfeit to date with a boy, and are allowed sleepover in girl friends house. Furthermore, AmericaacademicenvironmentisdifferentfromChinas. Itshowinfour different points the curriculums and nurture environments class size and examination system.America students can choose their classes, and they get under ones skin a lot of interesting classes to choose from core classes Spanish or French, computer, marketing and so on (America High School). They are free and hallucinating (go to bathroom, drink water, laugh). The classroom atmosphere are natural, active and relaxed. American school, every class has 25-30 students, and teachers teach five or six classes. Students can take 7 times SA T exam or ACT exam each year. They can use the full(prenominal)est one to apply universities. However, a in high spirits grade is not the important point to enter a noteworthy university.The university will consider very comprehensive and consequently decide whether you could be enrolled or not. First, they will consider your specialty, especially if you were good at P. E. then you will have more advantages. Second, they will think about social skills, such like part-time job experience, volunteering experience and so on. Also, they will think about what clubs or otherwise activities you had ever taken part in in high school. In Chinese schools, every student has s fertilise. Students cannot discuss questions in the class they only have individual homework, and it is a lot.Teachers never ask students to prepare presentations, and class lectures will not delivered. Students cannot dissolve the questions anytime they want they must raise their hands first and get leave fro m teachers. They must say Ding 3 Hello to their teachers when they meet in school. Every time before students take class, they need to stand up and say good morning or good afternoon to teachers and can only sit d deliver when teacher say they can. Students must view their teachers very much and can only call faculty members by their last name with a title like Mr, Ms, and Dr. It is thought to be rude to call their teachers first name.In Chinese schools, students go to school at 7 a. m. in high school and go home at 10 p. m. They have two hours to have a depart at noon and go to school at two. They can eat lunch at school canteens or go home to eat lunch, but they eat dinner at school. Students will not transfer classrooms, and they have 8 minutes to go to bathroom each 45 minutes class. Most of them go home by themselves schools will not provide school buses, but a few students will be picked up by their parents. They get a score before the end of the semester for each subject. Teachers will range students according to grades in class and year level.They even show the results to all students and send a text to their parents. Students have big exams every month in middle school and high school. They need to choose to learn art (Chinese, Math, English, History, Politic and geography) or lore (Chinese, Math, English, physics, Chemistry, Biology) in grade 2. In China, students almost do not have any extracurricular activities. Some schools have clubs but only a few students take part in. Most student their teacher do not allow them to take part in clubs.On weekends, students commonly stay at home do their homework, sometimes they are allowed to hang out with friends. But girls cannot with a boy, similarly a boys cannot with a girl. Students are not permitted to date before they go to the university. In Chinese school, students only take normal classes they even do not have art and music. Students use all the time to study, the learning environment in Chi na is extremely Ding 4 competitive and demanding. Almost every student works hard, they are determined to be at the top of the class and to become straight-A students (Bohan). In China, each class has 60-70 students, and teachers teach 2 classes.The headland teacher will stay in office all the time, you can ask questions anytime. Other subjects teachers will go to your classroom during the self- studying time from 7p. m. to 9 p. m. Chinese students only have one time to take college entrance examination, which take place every June. pickax is based on each students scores in this exam (6 subjects), and collect to the number of people sitting in exam. America and China are two different countries. Different culture, social system, history, population therefore they have different education system.Nobody can say which one is better, because for their own country it is the best one. But America or China salve need to revolutionize the bad part, learning from each other and othe r countries. Ding 5 Citation work Lu, Echo. 3 Big Differences mingled with Chinese and American Classroom Culture. (2013) 1. WEAREIU. Web. <http//www. weareiu. com/blog/an-international-student-at-iu- bloomington/3-big-differences-between-chinese-and-american-classroo China/Insight. Nicole Simpson, 2011. Web. American command Methods. Northestern University. Web. Typical Activities. <i>WIKIPEDIA</i>. Web. 27 Oct. 2014. Gao, WeiWei. Jun 11. 2012. Web.

Nanjing Massacre

Genocide look for Project Questions and Instructions Research Reminders * Each student must answer two questions. * Record references for all learning used to answer the questions. (copy and knightlye to a word memorandum or save to your H drive or print a copy) * Only research will be conducted today. You will not workplace on your presentation until all research is completed. * You must get information from 9 sources, most from Galileo. * In Galileo, select History References and Full Text. immortalise your body politic and racial extermination as search terms. You will have to find out the articles to find information. Write the answers, cut and paste, or type into your word text file with a reference to the source. * Use the honorable mention option to get the APA citation for the source. Copy and paste into your word document. All questions must be answered with congeal source citations by the end of class. This assignment will count as a quiz grade. You can access the word document on Edmodo or Ms. Youses webpage. Open it and save it to your H drive in advance you begin your research. Name _______________ Date ___________ Period______ Country___________Research Questions, Answers, and references 1. What historical, cultural, social events led to this particular brass of genocide? In celestial latitude 1937, the then-Chinese capital of Nanjing fell to the Imperial Nipponese Army (IJA). china, infra the control of the Nationalist regime (the KMT), had been engaged in full-scale conflict with Japan since July of that year in what is k this instantn as the Second Sino-Japanese War (19371945). During 1937, Japanese forces captured several major Chinese cities, including Shanghai, whose fetching enabled the invading army to advance on the capital.By the time the IJA entered an already-bombarded Nanjing on December 13, the KMT had withdrawn its army, leaving the metropolis officially defenceless. root system Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscoverin g a slaughterhouse The filmic legacy of glad Changs The Rape of Nanking. Continuum Journal Of Media Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 2. Where did this genocide occur? Identify a specific place and its relative spot on the planet. Nanjing (nan? jing? ) or Nanking (nan? king? ) southern capital, city (1994 est. pop. 2,224,200), capital of Jiangsu prov. E of import China, in a bend of the Chang (Yangtze) River. It has served at times in the past as capital of China. The second largest city in the part (after Shanghai), Source Nanjing. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. 3. When did this case of genocide occur? How farsighted did it last? The events that ensued over six weeks including mass rape and killing of both civilians and disarmed military personnel are cognize collectively as the Nanjing Massacre. Its demolition toll remains hotly disputed particularly among Japanese historians, though the official Chinese estim ate is 300,000.Source Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscovering a massacre The filmic legacy of Iris Changs The Rape of Nanking. Continuum Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 4. What are/were the targeted races, ethnicities, tribes, or religions? On December 13, 1937, the invading Japanese army captured Nanking and ruthlessly butchered Chinese disarmed soldiers and civilians, madly looted Chinese properties, and indulgently torched down private and mankind buildings. However, the most heinous of all was their shameless, cruel rape of Chinese women.An eyewitness, H. J. Timperley, a reporter of the Manchester Guardian, said in his book that the desecrated Nanking was an earthly hell. Source Hu, H. W. (1992). Dont forget the Chinese Women under the Rape of Nanking. Chinese American Forum, 7(4), 20-23 5. declare oneself relevant background information about the region and the conflict. Nanjing is at the crossover of three major railroad li nes. Industry, which once centered around nankeen fabric (unbleached cotton goods), was vigorously developed under the Communist government.The city now has an integrated iron-steel complex, an oil refinery, food-processing establishments, and hundreds of plants making chemicals, textiles, cement, fertilizers, machinery, weapons, electronic equipment, optical instruments, photographic equipment, and trucks. Nanjing has enormous been celebrated as a literary and political center. It was the capital of China from the 3d to 6th cent. A. D. and again from 1368 to 1421. The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842 at the end of the Opium War, opened China to foreign trade. During the Taiping Rebellion insurgents held the city from 1853 to 1864.It was captured by the revolutionists in 1911, and in 1912 it became the capital of Chinas first president, Sun Yat-sen. When in 1927 the city fell to the Communists, the foreign residents fled to the protection of British and American warships on the C hang River. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek retook the city, and it became (1928) the regular Nationalist capital. In 1932, when the Japanese were threatening to attack the city, the government was temporarily retravel to Luoyang, and on Nov. 21, 1937, just before Nanjing fell to the Japanese, it was moved to Chongqing.The Japanese entry into the city, accompanied by widespread killing and brutality, became known as the rape of Nanking. Source Nanjing. (2013). Reloaded Content, 1. 6. Name all of the groups convoluted in the conflict. Describe each group. Source 7. What were the major and the underlying causes of the genocide? What do the perpetrators of the genocide hope to accomplish? Source 8. Was there an event that sparked the killings? (for example, the presidents plane crash in Rwanda) If so, what was the inciting incident? Source 9. What occurred during the genocide? A.Who was targeted and why? B. Who did the killing? C. What methods were used? D. How long did it last? E. How many race were killed? Source 10. How did the genocide end? Source 11. Was there any booking from the international community (individual countries or the United Nations)? If so, what? If not, why? Source 12. What were/are the lasting effects of the genocide? Some questions to consider are? A. What was the country/region like directly after the genocide? B. What is the country/region like today? C. Are there still tensions between the groups involved? Source

Environmental issues in Asia

Developing countries face severe environmental issues as the rapid economic and tribe growth had created serious social and environmental problems which if left unheeded can bring ab egress rattling serious consequences. Some of these fervent environmental issues faced by these Asian regions be the deforestation, global warming, pipeline and peeing contamination, limited safe drinking weewee etc. obscure from this manipulation of the rude(a) resources and using unhealthy ways and means for ripeningal purposes is slowly destroying the resources of these nations which are of serious concern and needs immediate locomote by the g everywherenment and non governmental organizations to protect and rescue them from extinction.Two main(prenominal) problems that I wish to discuss in this research paper is vent pollution and the increase deficit in drinking weewee tack which is a striking threat to the nations over all economic development. India is a fasting developing coun drive and its growth in the IT and industrial sector over the years is abundant. With the per capita income change magnitude with the sudden boom in industrial and technical sectors purchasing power has increased. Easy EMI and retail option enable nigh anyone to get a vehicle and as the result traffic congestion, line of business concern pollution and noise pollution etc have increased thereby endangering the unit of measurement atmosphere and paving way to global warming. irrigate generate is the elixir of manners we all know but although the world is third filled with water drinking water is available in limited quantity. India largely depends on monsoon rainwaters for it agriculture and on a lower floor constitute drinking water resources. Due to environmental issues akin global warming, blood line pollution, industrial wastes, use of fertilizers etc result in little rainfall. to a greater extentover the little rainfall received is wasted as it reaches the maritime without any proper preservation methods. The existing close ups and water reservoirs are maintained poorly and hence little water collected due to seasonal worker rains are wasted. Hence an emergency plan to preserve this resource is prerequisite and go to downplay lineage pollution should also be undertaken. come to usage in IndiaArea of the country 3287260sq.kmsCultivable plain 1839560sq.kms civilized land area 1697000sq.kmsPopulationTotal population 1038056000Rural 71% urban 29%(www.indiastat.com)Water resourcesInternal renewable water 1260540 billion cubic metersTotal renewable water 1907760 million cubic metersWater useTotal withdrawal 500000 million cubic metersAgriculture 92%Domestic 5%Industrial 3%IrrigationIrrigation potential 1135120 sq. kmsLand under irrigation 501010 sq. kmsSurface irrigation 493300 sq. kmsArea irrigated with surface water 40.5%Area irrigated with ground water 53%( research paper on survey of Indian resources 2005)The in a exalteder place fac ts all the way state the environmental condition of this great nation. The need for ground water for irrigation alone is almost 53% and this ground water take aim is diminishing today due to pre confinesit of rains and improper irrigation methods. The surface water again is becoming polluted because of unhygienic and improper maintenance and preservation methods. Further use of chemicals and pesticides for industry and agriculture has highly polluted both(prenominal) surface and ground water. When agriculture uses highly toxic pesticides it destroys not completely the discoloration but also the water underneath.Some of the reasons for water scarceness in India arerising demand for water as population increases over extraction of surface and ground level water hamper in completion of developmental projects due to lack of cash and governmental pressure or instable governments contamination of water resources due to the increased man impact globalization and industrial devel opment polluting transport ad water thereby altering urban climate Etc.There is a huge demand for water in the years to come peculiarly obligeing in idea the population the demand seems to be a nightmare.In almost all parts of India water deficiencies show an increasing trend and the surplus show a decreasing trend quatern states and one union territory have no surplus water The availability of water will reduce one fifth in three decades Government role to look into further water dearthFrom time to time government plays a major part in giveing measures to check this water scarcity. Development projects like twist dams, reservoirs, cleaning tanks and increasing awareness to store and use drinking water sensibly is organism undertaken. State and central governments join together and use the allotted funds to implement much(prenominal) projects. exclusively political pressure, unstable government and lack of funds create a void in these projects which is either projectped or not put into practice wholly. Moreover bribery in all fields curbs the growth and development of these projects.Although many NGOS and non governmental organizations and business establishments try to fund these projects the funds are highly misapply or mishandled by faulty politicians. Balanced growth in both agriculture and industry is indispensable for a countries overall performance and development. But industry is developing in India in a faster maltreat and it looks like agriculture is neglected. Plans to curb air pollution are needed desperately as it affects the rain and overall climatic condition of the nation. More plants should be planted and forests should be conserved and all measures to save rain water undertaken. Rain water harvesting was seriously enforced in some states and the result is yet to be seen. The roads and the al-Qaida is very poor and even the slightest rain causes flash floods. Proper drainage and township planning is missing in cities like Mumb ai and Chennai.Great awareness of the results of such negligence should be spread around and people should be educated as to the affects of global warming and air pollution. Individuals should take this mission in their hands to ensure safety for future generation. Every successful business concern should adopt one area or town to implement development projects like planting trees, cleaning drinking water reservoirs and dams etc. individuals for their part should maintain hygiene and prevent wastage of water.Governments should curb the vehicles promotion by making strict laws against easy availability of tearaway(a) bountifuldom and fine or punishment if driving unchecked vehicles against air and noise pollution. Industries should be made to dispose their chemicals and smoke safely so as not to pollute the air and water. Strict laws and cancellation of their industrial license should be enacted. If everyone could use water sensibly and avoid polluting substances India would beco me a super power rich in natural resources and hygiene.Short term practical solutionsKeeping the surroundings clean and maintaining a social responsibleness to preserve and conserve our natural resources is every individuals impendent responsibility Creating social awareness of this burning issue among the general human race by conducting seminars, student programs and through entertainment to educate even the unlearned and down trodden To keep water bodies clean and check for pollution from near factories and industries Proper recycle of industrial wastes Undeterred implementation of government development schemes Strict implementation of anti pollution laws Increasing facilities in exoteric transport and curtailing the use of private transport facilities Planting more trees wide term practical solutionsgeneral infrastructure of the cities and towns should be properly plan and implemented keeping the long term benefit in mind strict adherence to herbal flatulence and enabl ing gas or pollution free fuel regular pollution insure checks in vehicles and factories strict laws against faulty companies which release industrial waste into water bodies building tanks, dams and reservoirs to save the excess rain water from reaching the sea soil promotion and banning chemical pesticides in agriculture organic husbandry should be encouraged and promoted funds must be set excursion for developmental projects awareness for the need for funds should be created among NRI and all steps to utilize these funds properly should be undertaken social organizations, business establishments and individuals should be encouraged to undertake or adopt certain social duties to minimize government pressure capital of capital of Singapore is the worlds second free economy and second most competitive Asian economy. It is the best connected countries with a robust infrastructure to suit another century or so. Globally connected, top ranking business environment, with stable infr astructure and divers(a) world class business solutions has made Singapore the top ranked and most preferred business ground. Free trade will definitely enable people from all over the world to throng Singapore but how does it maintain its resources against the growing demand, how is it achievable for this small nation to keep its streets and water bodies clean and vehicles free from polluting the atmosphere.With a total land area of solo 699.0 sq. km together with the mainland and other small islands surrounding it has a annual rainfall of about 2,136 mm. the resident population is 4,483,900 and mainly incorporate of immigrants from neighboring Asian countries like china and India. The literacy rate above 15 years is 95% and the per capita GDP is S$ 44,666. Labor force in this country is 2,367,300 and the unemployment rate is just 3.4%.( http//www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_rankings.html )The country synthesis overlay on urban air quality management conducted in 2006 clearly states the measures taken by Singapore to prevent or restrict air pollution. The ambient AQ is regularly monitored with the help of 14 air monitoring machines rigid across the island of Singapore. This monitoring has aided in the review of pollution run across measures and this has given a positive result in controlling air pollution in the country. AQ monitoring methods used are based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The offenders were prosecuted and were required to take remedial action.Since 1971 many laws are set up to maintain clean air concentrate much on vehicular pollution and industrialization. The EPCA combines laws for air, water and noise pollution and gives a legislative framework to control pollution of the environment. Lead petrol was stopped and slowly the level of mho from diesel was also decreased considerably to control and reduce emission from vehicles.Ultra low sulfur diesel was introduced to implement euro 4 e mission standard and it took effect from October 2006. halo quality in Singapore is the best in the world and it was possible only through strict measures taken by the government to control emission and resolve different forms of pollution. Green plan 2012 is another great step undertaken to further improve the quality of the environment for the years to come.(http//app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=29 )Highly compatible and well maintained reservoirs catch every drop of rain water and this is utilized by almost half of Singapore uses this water. New projects to build new dams and reservoirs desalination plants, etc are also are being developed. To aid in this mission MEWater is set up which is high quality water received from water reclamation from 2003. Sustainability and cleanliness of water supply and environment is maintained well as Singapore stands tall as a very good example of how we should conserve and preserve our natural resources for a better tomorrow.It i s clearly evident that Singapore has successfully implemented anti pollutant measures and even though its economy is growing fast the infrastructure and the low pollution levels are unchanged. There is enough water to conform to all the growing needs and the greenery and the cleanliness stands proof of the people fealty to light upon their country a higher power standing out and setting an example to all other nations. Asian countries like India and china can take this as an example and with proper coordination with this country try to implement such strict rules in their country too. Finally it is a joint responsibility of both the government and the individuals and they should both commit themselves to make a better, cleaner and pollution free nation not only for us but also to our future generations.ReferenceSurvey of Indian resources research paper submitted to the Annamalai Open University. Indiawww.indiastat.comhttp//www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_ rankings.htmlhttp//app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=29    

Oakhills Faciities

TIMOTHY C WELLSOAK HILLS FACILITYOCTOBER 10, 2010 CASE sight WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC QUALITY PROBLEMS OAK HILLS IS FACING AND HOW WILL THEY persuade THE COMPANYS ABILITY TO CONVERT TO A LEAN SYSTEM. a. In at that place agglomerate flow system if there is a machine or suppler calamity it increases customer lead successions and reduces inefficiency. b. BlackDome, is often late on deliveries pose by EE. This is due to rush orders being placed. thither is a communication puzzle EE and oak tree hillocks. Oak Hill has no information on new projects from EE.They be apply to an environment of lets place a rush order and this is a problem because this requires Oak Hills to have a lot of raw materials in breed. There is no way for them to rush foreign odes due to stringent U. S. Paperwork. in addition this bequeath only work with US orders. For this to work they need fracture communication and need to make ER responsible for there forecast of demand to reduce rush orders. WHAT CHA NGES IN THE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT call for TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO CONVERT THE CURRENT SYSTM TO A LEAN SYSTEM? guess ABOUT THIS FROM BOTH A SHORT TERM AND A big TERM PERSPECTIVE. a.The communications must be ameliorated. Employees do not make do what is going on and this causes them to be upset about the stability of their positions. The constant quantity rush orders is also an issue, because of the strain it puts on the employee. b. They need to reduce the inventory to free up space. Oak Hill must also throw to change their layout of their building to implement a lean strategy. HOW WILL THE carrying into action OF A LEAN SYSTEM IMPACT EMPLOYEES, AND WHAT CAN BE do TO SMOOTH THE TRANSITION? a. An improved lean system will stop employees to work together and get bonuses based on what the team produces.Right nowadays employees run around like chickens with their heads cut off or atomic number 18 doing nothing. A lean system will improve production and grant it to flow bett er. Employees state of mind will also change, because there will be less stress in the workplace. AT WHAT STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLY image IS OAK HILLS AND WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE THE SUPPLY CHAIN? a. They need to do much work on researching what E is ordering to lessen the lead beat of rush orders. The batch flow system does not work well. This is truly little communication between the departments and this needs to change to improve the supplying chain.Oak Hills is trying to go from a system of mass production to a custom-ed product. FOR OAK HILLS, WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND THE SUPPLY CHAIN? a. Restructuring the plant to a lean system will allow for much available span which could be used to introduce and line of products. I think that controlling the demand is the most important aspect of Oak Hills successful lean strategy. It will allow them to reduce their lead time and have no buildup of WIP inventory. The sensor boards were packed to prevent damage, but , because of the modified space on a few could be held in the area.With more space, Oak Hills can store more boards and be held in the area, do for a more efficient process,. WHAT SHOULD OAK HILLS DO? WHAT PROBLEMS MIGHT get IN IMPLEMENTING YOU RECOMMENDATIONS AND HOW CAN THES PROBLEMS BE AVOIDED OR NEUTRALIZED? a. I touch sensation that they should implement the lean strategy. As I said above. This will improve efficiency and employee morale. I feel they will have a major(ip) issue in trying to implement this strategy with the foreign orders processing. contradictory orders are the bulk for Oak Hills, and I feel that there are to many constraints with the U. S. Paperwork.

Internetworking End-to-End Requirements Essay

Hence such characteristics as performance, reliability, scalability, mobility, and QoS of DS ar wedged by the underlying interlock technical schoolnology and the OS ? Principles of calculator communicateing every(prenominal) lucre has ? An architecture or tiers of confabulations communications communications communications protocols ? Packet switching for communication ? thoroughf be selection and info streaming ? Comm Subsystems (ne bothrk technologies rest on) transmitting media wires, cables, fiber, wireless (sat, IR, RF, mwave) ironw be devices routers, switches, bridges, hubs, repeaters, network interfaces/card/transceivers. Softw atomic number 18 comp unrivalednts protocol stacks, comm handlers/drivers, OS primitives, network-focus APIs ? Hosts The estimators and obliterate-devices that phthisis the comm subsystem Subnet A ace cluster or collection of nodes, which r from each one each other(a) on the similar personal intermediate and capable of routin g crush and incoming messages The meshing is a collection of several(prenominal) subnets (or intranets) ? cyberspaceing issues for distri saveed systems Initial requirements for DS applications ftp, rlogin, e station, newsgroup Subsequent generation of DS applics. on-line dual-lane resources. on-line(prenominal) requirements performance, reliability, scalability, mobility, security, QoS, multicasting ? carrying out Key time to hark back social unit(s) of messages amongst a pair of co-ordinated reckoners/devices point-to-point latency ( fit) from direct out of outgoing-buffer and receiving into incoming-buffer. Usually delinquent to bundle oerheads, barter load, and path selection selective entropy transfer/bit rate quicken of info transfer mingled with 2 computers (bps). Usually collectible to physical properties of the medium. ? Message trans time = latency + length/bit-rate ? Bandwidth vs. bit-rate. The total system bandwidth (volume of entropy move an d received in a unit time, e. g. , per sec. ) is a heartbeat of its byput Bit rate or transfer rate is restricted to the mediums ability to propagate individual bits/signals in a unit time In most LANs, e. g. , Ethernets, when full transmitting capacity is wedded to messaging (with little or no latency), thus bandwidth and bit-rate be same in measure Local memory vs network resources ? Applications assenting to divided up resources on same network normally under msec ? Applications gate to topical anaesthetic memory usually under msec (1000x rapid)?However, for high hotfoot network weather vane- horde, with caches, the door time is much faster (than local saucer nettle due to hard disk latency) ? Scalability ( lucre and DSs) Future growth of calculate nodes of profits ( swarms, switches) in 109s (100s of 106 hosts alone) Requires substantial changes to routing and costing schemes (more later ) Current traffic (load) on Internet approx. measured by the latenci es ( operate www. mids. org), which seem to harbour reduced (with advances in medium and protocol subjects). Future growth and sustainability regard on economies of persona, charge rate, locality/placement of sh ard resource? dependability Failures atomic number 18 typically, non due to the physical medium, but at the end-end (at host levels) softw be (application-level), t presentfore, error detection/ coiffureion is at the level Suggesting that the communication subsystem command not be error-free (made transp bent/hidden to user) because reliability is sensibly checkd at the tear out/receiver ends (where errors may be ca utilize by, e. g. , buffer everywheref slump, quantify drifts ca development premature timeouts) ? Security nigh intranets ar protected from impertinent (Internet-wide) DSs by firewall. A firewall protects all the resources of an organized from unlawful/malicious access by external users, and control/monitoring of use of resources outside th e firewall A firewall (bundle of security softw atomic number 18 and network hardware) influences on a gate expression the initiation/exit point of the corporate intranet A firewall is usually set upd institute on corporate security policy, and filters incoming and outgoing messages. To go beyond firewalls, and grant access to world- or Internet-wide resources, end-to-end authentication, privacy, and security (Standards) are requisite to allow DSs to righteousness E. g., techniques are Cryptographic and Authentication usually enforced at a level above the communication subsystem Virtual tete-a-tete Network (VPN) security concept allows intranet-level protection of such features/devices as local routers and secure links to mobile devices ?Mobility Need wireless to support portable computers and hand-held devices Wireless links are susceptible to, e. g. , eavesdropping, distortions in medium, out-of-sight/ start transmitters/receivers Current addressing and routin g schemes are found on wired technologies, which buzz off been commensurate and, therefore, not perfect and need extensions?QoS (Quality of Service) Meeting deadlines and user requirements in transfer/processing streams of real-time multimedia selective information E. g. , QoS requirements coverd bandwidth, timely delivery or bounded latencies, or dynamic empathize respectablements to requirements ? Multicasting Most infections are point-to-point, but several involve one-to- numerous (either one-to-all broadcast or selective broadcast multicast) Simply sending the same message from one node to several destinations is inefficient Multicasting technique allows single transmission to multiple destination (simultaneously) by victimization spare addressing scheme 3. Multimedia Transmission and Internetworking Heterogeneous Systems ? Types of Networks LANs (confined to smaller, typically, 2. 5km diameter spread) ? higher speed, single medium for link upion (twisted pair, coax, opt), no routing within segments all point-to-point (from hub), inter-segment conjunctives via switches/hubs, low latency, low error rate ? E. g. , Ethernet, token ring, slotted ring protocols, wired.(1) Ethernet 1970 with bandwidth of 10Mbps, with extended versions of 100/1000Mbps, scatty latency and bandwidth QoS for DSs (2) ATM using frame cells and optical fills the gap but expensive for LAN, newer high-speed Ethernets offer improvement and cost-effective MANs (confined to extended, regional humanity of a function, typically, up to 50km spread) ? Based on high-bandwidth copper and fiber optics for multimedia (audio/video/ vowelize), ? E. g. , technologies ATM, high-speed Ethernet (IEEE 802. 6 protocols for MANs), DSL (digital subscriber line) using ATM switches to switch digitized voice over twisted pair 0.25-6Mbps within 1. 5km, cable modem uses coax 1. 5Mpbs using analog signaling on TV networks and longer distances than DSL WANs (worldwide, de dream up spee ds over sets of varying types of circuits with routers) ? High latency (due to switching and route searching) amongst 0. 1-0. 5s, signaling speed around 3x105km/s (bounds latency) plus propagation delay (round-trip) of about 0. 2s if using satellite/geostationary dishes generally slower at 10-100kbps or best 1-2Mbps Wireless (connecting portable, wearable devices using access points) ? viridity protocol IEEE 802.11 (a, b, and now g) (WaveLAN) 2-11Mbps (11gs bandwidth near 54Mbps) over 150m creating a WLANs, slightly mobiles connected to fixed devices printers, waiters, palmtops to constitute a WPANs (wireless personal area networks) using IR links or low-powered Bluetooth radio network tech 1-2Mbps over 10m. ? Most mobile cell phones use Bluetooth tech. e. g. , European GSM standard and US, mostly, analog-based AMP cellular radio network, atop by CDPD cellular digital big bucks data communication system, operating over wider areas at lower speed 9. 6-19. 2kbps.?Tiny scr eens of mobiles and wearables require a new WAP protocol Internetworks ? Building open, extendible system for DSs, supporting network heterogeneity, multi-protocol system involving LANs, MANs, WLANs, connected by routers and gateways with layers of software for data and protocol conversions creating a virtual network using underlying physical networks ? E. g. , the Internet using TCP/IP (over several other physical protocols) Comparisons ? Range of performance characteristics ? Frequency and types of failures, when employ for DS applics?Packet delivery/loss, duplicates (masked at TCP level to guarantee some reliability and transparency to DSs but may use UDP faster but less reliable and DS applics responsibility to guarantee reliability) plot 3. 2 Network Principles Packet Transmission Packet transmission superseded telephone/telegraph switched network Messages are big bucksized and packets are queued, buffered (in local storage), and ancestral when lines are available us ing asynchronous transmission protocol Data Streaming Multimedia data faecest be packetized due to unpredicted delays.AV data are streamed at higher absolute frequency and bandwidth at continuous flow rate Delivery of multimedia data to its destination is time-critical / low latency requiring end-to-end predefined route E. g. networks ATM, IPv6 ( nigh generation result separate steamed IP packets at network layer and use RSVP (resource reserv. protocol) resource/bandwidth prealloc and RTP play-time/time-reqs (real-time transp protocol) at layers 3 & 1, respectively) to work ? Switching Schemes 4 Kinds of switching methods typically used. Broadcast no switching logic, all nodes see signals on circuits/cells (e.g. , Ethernet, wireless networks) Circuit Switching Interconnected segments of circuits via switches/ substitute boxes, e. g. , POTS (Plain grey-haired Telephone System) Packet Switching Developed as computing tech advanced with processors and storage spaces using store-and-forward algorithms and computers as switches. Packets are not sent instantaneously, routed on different links, reordered, may be lost, high latency (few msec msecs).Extension to switch audio/video data brought integration of digitized data for computer comm. , telephone profits, TV, and radio broadcasting, teleconferencing. Frame Relay PS (not instantaneous, just an illusion ), but FR, which integrates CS and PS techniques, streams smaller packets (53 byte-cells called frames) as bits at processing nodes. E. g. , ATM protocols Protocols implemented as pairs of software modules in send/receive nodes, Specify the sequence of messages for transmission Specify the format of the data in the messages Protocols Layers layered architecture, interest the OSI suite packets are communicated as peer-to-peer transmission but effected vertically across layers by encapsulation method over a physical mediumProtocols Suites The 7-layered architecture of the ISO-OSI each(prenominal) layer bids renovation to the layer above it and extends the service provided by the layer below it A complete set of protocol layers constitute a suite or stack Layering simplifies and generalizes the software interface definitions, but costly overhead due to encapsulations and protocol conversions Diagram 3. 3 4. Service Provider focal point On the Internet, a heed service provider (MSP) is a company that manages information technology service for other companies.For example, a company could hire an MSP to configure and administer its business computers and tie in systems on a continuing basis, saving(a) the company. An MSP is a service provider that offers system and network management machines and expertise. An MSP typically has its receive data center that head for the hillss advanced network management software such as HP OpenView or Tivoli. It uses these tools to actively monitor and provide reports on aspects of its guests networks, including comm unication links, network bandwidth, legions, and so on. The MSP may host the customers sack up master of ceremoniess and application servers at its own site.The function provided by MSPs have been called network telemetry services. The MSP Association defines MSPs as follows concern Service Providers deliver information technology (IT) infrastructure management services to multiple customers over a network on a subscription basis. handle Application Service Providers (ASPs), Management Service Providers deliver services via networks that are billed to their clients on a recurring fee basis. Unlike ASPs, which deliver business applications to end users, MSPs deliver system management services to IT departments and other customers who manage their own technology assets.Tri industrious is an example of an MSP. It provides management and monitoring of PCs, servers, networks, and Web sites from its own NOC (network trading operations center), which is hosted by Exodus Communicatio ns. Exodus visits that the NOC has fully senseless power, network connectivity, routing, and switching to ensure maximum reliability and integrity. A microagent interacts with customer systems to provide system management. The agent is lightweight and designed for use over the Internet. It acts as a universal agent invoking and managing other agents and programs as required for specific actions.The service is delivered via the Web through a secure Internet portal that lets customers view management information, based on their role in the organization. For example, CIOs shag view overall management information while supporter desk technicians flock check call queues, escalations, and open ticket status. Systems analysts can care asset inventories and view virus reporting. Objective Systems Integrators is other management service provider that provides software solutions for unified network, service application, and process management.OSI was recently acquired by Agilent Techn ologies. A list of other MSPs may be found at the MSP Association Web site. Web application and infrastructure monitoring and management have suddenly become critical, yet the tools to do them are lacking. Management service providers (MSP), the latest addition to the current slew of service providers, have to offer products and services that allow for oversee your Web operations. Companies staking claims as other(a) MSPs include Candle Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif. InteQ Corp. in Burlington, Mass. and Nuclio Corp. in Skokie, Ill.What makes MSPs distinctive is that their products and services are provided over the Internet on a subscription basis. That means MSPs can achieve economies of scale that companies who license software cannot, verbalises Christopher Booth, head of technical operations at FreightWise Inc. , a Forth Worth, Texas-based online transportation exchange. Though he declined to regularise how much his company is paying to use Nuclios MSP, Booth did say that the service has been very advantageous. The cost savings that MSPs can pass on may help them catch on with corporate customers.Gartner Group Inc. in Stamford, Conn., estimates that the $90 million MSP market allow for balloon to more than $3. 25 billion by 2005. 5. Programmable/Cognitive Networks A key strength of the Internet has been to reduce the intelligence within the network to that required placed at strategic places within the network such as at administrative boundaries, or at locations where there is a large mismatch between bandwidth, or where the certain location specific services can be used. others believe that the entire architecture should be rethought as a computational environment, in which everything can be programmed, and the entire network becomes active.The research in this area is aimed at discovering how viable it is to open up such elements of the communications architecture as the routing table. A fundamental question raised by both the active service and the active network climb upes is how to ensure that the shared resource of the network remains safe and is protected from misbehaving programs. Programs can maltreatment the network by generating packet explosions and can abuse the shared processor by using all the memory and the processor cycles. Worse, they may let shine the working of correct programs so that they too don.If network programmability is going to be available to the application designers, we need to ensure that they do not break things by accident, let alone by intention. Traditional systems approaches to protection are based upon what a program should be able to do, then using runtime checks to ensure that the program doesnt exceed these bounds. This leads to the sandbox model of protection, as used in Java and enhanced to provide protection for Active Networks. However, there are major problems with this approach. First, each runtime check reduces the performance of the system, change magnitude the overhead of each use of system resources.Second, it is very difficult to ensure that the protection mechanisms are correct, and cannot be subverted in any way. An alternative approach is to use compile time checks upon what the program is doing. This uses the type system to exist predicates about program functionality and if a program is well-typed, then it proves the program to follow the policies implemented in the type system. This approach has been used to allow users to run programs within the kernel as in Spin, and in protecting access to router functionality in the Switchware project. To provide a network scheduling language based on Internet best effort communication. To provide scaleable high-level communication based on remote spawn from which other communication can be built. To make use of types as condom properties, to ensure that the safety and security policies of the network are maintained. To rapidly prototype tools such as compilers and simulators in order to drive th e development of the language by examples. Best-effort distributed programming In the Internet, an application transmits a packet, which is sent to the next router on the way to the destination.At this router, the arrival of the packet causes code to run, which calls other code myrmecophilous upon the fields in the header of the packet. This code may access and modify local state stored in the router and then copy or create one or more packets to be sent out from the router. These packets are then routed on output links depending upon the destination for each packet, and so on until the packets reach their destination, or are destroyed within the network for whatever reason. In our programming model, we have attempted to replicate this staple fiber structure of packet transmission.In the Internet, the arrival of a packet initiates some string up of control which uses the data within the packet to decide upon the magnetic dip of the packet. In our model, a packet becomes a threa d of control, carrying the code to be run and the tell aparts or values of any data cite within that code. When a thread arrives at a Safetynet-aware router or end system, the thread code is instantiated within the runtime and runs within a de_ned scheduling class. The thread of control may call other code to be run on its behalf.The other code is encapsulated within classes, which are either reach in the router, or are dynamically loaded from elsewhere. Threads can spawn other threads, either locally or on the next hop to some destination. 6. Design of an Internetwork We will discuss about the networking specially the internetworking. In this case we will need to discuss some topics related with the Internet Infrastructure, Internet routing, athletic field name and address resolution, internet protocol and the applications. Internet Infrastructure The Internet gritstone is made up of many large networks which interconnect with each other.These large networks are known as Netw ork Service Providers or Naps. Some of the large Naps are UUNet, Cerf Net, IBM, BBN Planet, style Net, PSINet, as well as others. These networks peer with each other to exchange packet traffic. Each NSP is required to connect to three Network feeler Points or NAPs. At the NAPs, packet traffic may jump from one NSPs backbone to another NSPs backbone. NSPs excessively interconnect at Metropolitan Area Exchanges or MAEs. MAEs serve the same purpose as the NAPs but are privately owned. NAPs were the original Internet interconnects points. Both NAPs and MAEs are referred to as Internet Exchange Points or IXs.NSPs also sell bandwidth to smaller networks, such as ISPs and smaller bandwidth providers. Below is a picture covering this hierarchical infrastructure. Diagram 4 This is not a true mold of an actual piece of the Internet. Diagram 4 is moreover meant to demonstrate how the NSPs could interconnect with each other and smaller ISPs. None of the physical network components are sho wn in Diagram 4 as they are in Diagram 3. This is because a single NSPs backbone infrastructure is a complex drawing by itself. Most NSPs publish constitutes of their network infrastructure on their vane sites and can be found easily.To draw an actual map of the Internet would be nearly impossible due to its size, complexity, and ever-changing structure. The Internet Routing Working It is general phenomenon that No computer knows where any of the other computers are, and packets do not postulate sent to every computer. The information used to claim packets to their destinations is contained in routing tables kept by each router connected to the Internet. The Routers are called the packet switches. A router is usually connected between networks to route packets between them. Each router knows about its sub-networks and which IP addresses they use.The router usually doesnt know what IP addresses are above it. Examine Diagram 5 below. The black boxes connecting the backbones are routers. The larger NSP backbones at the top are connected at a NAP. downstairs them are several sub-networks, and under them, more sub-networks. At the bottom are two local area networks with computers attached. Diagram 5 When a packet arrives at a router, the router examines the IP address put there by the IP protocol layer on the originating computer. The router checks its routing table. If the network containing the IP address is found, the packet is sent to that network.If the network containing the IP address is not found, then the router sends the packet on a nonremittal route, usually up the backbone power structure to the next router. Hopefully the next router will know where to send the packet. If it does not, again the packet is routed upwards until it reaches a NSP backbone. The routers connected to the NSP backbones hold the largest routing tables and here the packet will be routed to the correct backbone, where it will begin its move downward through smaller and sm aller networks until it finds its destination. Domain Names and spread over Resolution.But what if you dont know the IP address of the computer you want to connect to? What if the you need to access a mesh server referred to as www. anothercomputer. com? How does your sack browser know where on the Internet this computer lives? The answer to all these questions is the Domain Name Service or DNS. The DNS is a distributed database which keeps track of computers names and their cor acting IP addresses on the Internet. Many computers connected to the Internet host part of the DNS database and the software that allows others to access it. These computers are known as DNS servers.No DNS server contains the entire database they only contain a subset of it. If a DNS server does not contain the sphere of influence name requested by another computer, the DNS server re-directs the requesting computer to another DNS server. Diagram 6 The Domain Name Service is structured as a hierarchy sim ilar to the IP routing hierarchy. The computer requesting a name resolution will be re-directed up the hierarchy until a DNS server is found that can resolve the domain name in the request. excogitation 6 illustrates a portion of the hierarchy. At the top of the tree are the domain roots.Some of the older, more common domains are seen near the top. What is not shown are the multitude of DNS servers around the world which form the rest of the hierarchy? When an Internet federation is setup (e. g. for a LAN or Dial-Up Networking in Windows), one primary and one or more secondary DNS servers are usually specified as part of the installation. This way, any Internet applications that need domain name resolution will be able to function correctly. For example, when you enter a meshwork address into your web browser, the browser frontmost connects to your primary DNS server.After obtaining the IP address for the domain name you entered, the browser then connects to the tar urinate comp uter and requests the web knave you wanted. The Disable DNS in Windows If youre using Windows 95/NT and access the Internet, you may view your DNS server(s) and tear down disable them. If you use Dial-Up Networking Open your Dial-Up Networking window (which can be found in Windows Explorer under your CD-ROM drive and above Network Neighborhood). Right click on your Internet tie and click Properties. go up the bottom of the connection properties window press the TCP/IP Settings button.If you have a permanent connection to the Internet Right click on Network Neighborhood and click Properties. Click TCP/IP Properties. demand the DNS Configuration tab at the top. You should now be looking at your DNS servers IP addresses. Here you may disable DNS or set your DNS servers to 0. 0. 0. 0. (Write down your DNS servers IP addresses first. You will probably have to restart Windows as well. ) presently enter an address into your web browser. The browser wont be able to resolve the domain name and you will probably get a nasty dialog box explaining that a DNS server couldnt be found.However, if you enter the corresponding IP address instead of the domain name, the browser will be able to retrieve the desired web page. (Use ping to get the IP address prior to disabling DNS. ) Other Microsoft operating systems are similar. Internet protocols As hinted to earlier in the office about protocol stacks, one may surmise that there are many protocols that are used on the Internet. This is true there are many communication protocols required for the Internet to function. These include the TCP and IP protocols, routing protocols, medium access control protocols, application level protocols, etc.The following sections describe some of the more important and commonly used protocols on the Internet. Higher-level protocols are discussed first, followed by lower level protocols. Application Protocols HTTP and the World unspecific Web One of the most commonly used services on the I nternet is the World Wide Web (WWW). The application protocol that makes the web work is Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP. Do not veil this with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML is the language used to write web pages. HTTP is the protocol that web browsers and web servers use to communicate with each other over the Internet.It is an application level protocol because it sits on top of the TCP layer in the protocol stack and is used by specific applications to lecturing to one another. In this case the applications are web browsers and web servers. HTTP is a connectionless text based protocol. Clients (web browsers) send requests to web servers for web elements such as web pages and images. After the request is serviced by a server, the connection between client and server across the Internet is disconnected. A new connection moldiness be made for each request. Most protocols are connection oriented.This means that the two computers communicating with each other keep the connection open over the Internet. HTTP does not however. Before an HTTP request can be made by a client, a new connection must be made to the server. When you type a uniform resource locator into a web browser, this is what happens If the URL contains a domain name, the browser first connects to a domain name server and retrieves the corresponding IP address for the web server. The web browser connects to the web server and sends an HTTP request (via the protocol stack) for the desired web page. The web server receives the request and checks for the desired page.If the page exists, the web server sends it. If the server cannot find the requested page, it will send an HTTP 404 error message. (404 mean Page Not Found as anyone who has surfed the web probably knows. ) The web browser receives the page back and the connection is closed. The browser then parses through the page and looks for other page elements it needs to complete the web page. These usually include images, applet s, etc. For each element needed, the browser makes additional connections and HTTP requests to the server for each element.When the browser has finished loading all images, applets, etc.the page will be completely loaded in the browser window. Retrieving a Web Page Using HTTP Telnet is a remote terminal service used on the Internet. Its use has declined lately, but it is a very useful tool to study the Internet. In Windows find the default telnet program. It may be rigid in the Windows directory named telnet. exe.When opened, pull down the Terminal menu and select Preferences. In the preferences window, check Local Echo. (This is so you can see your HTTP request when you type it. ) Now pull down the Connection menu and select unconnected System. Enter www. google. com for the Host Name and 80 for the Port.(Web servers usually listen on port 80 by default. ) Press Connect. Now type compress / HTTP/1. 0 And press Enter twice. This is a simple HTTP request to a web server for its ro ot page. You should see a web page flash by and then a dialog box should come forth up to tell you the connection was lost. If youd like to save the retrieved page, produce on logging in the Telnet program. You may then browse through the web page and see the HTML that was used to write it. Most Internet protocols are specified by Internet documents known as a Request for Comments or RFCs. RFCs may be found at several locations on the Internet.See the Resources section below for appropriate URLs. HTTP version 1. 0 is specified by RFC 1945. Application Protocols SMTP and Electronic escape Another commonly used Internet service is electronic mail. email uses an application level protocol called Simple Mail Transfer Protocol or SMTP.SMTP is also a text-based protocol, but unlike HTTP, SMTP is connection oriented. SMTP is also more complicated than HTTP. There are many more commands and considerations in SMTP than there are in HTTP. When you open your mail client to read your e-mai l, this is what typically happens The mail client (Netscape Mail, Lotus Notes, Microsoft Outlook, etc.) opens a connection to its default mail server.The mail servers IP address or domain name is typically setup when the mail client is installed. The mail server will always transmit the first message to locate itself. The client will send an SMTP HELO command to which the server will respond with a 250 OK message. Depending on whether the client is checking mail, sending mail, etc. the appropriate SMTP commands will be sent to the server, which will respond accordingly. This request/ reception transaction will continue until the client sends an SMTP QUIT command. The server will then say goodbye and the connection will be closed.Transmission Control Protocol Under the application layer in the protocol stack is the TCP layer. When applications open a connection to another computer on the Internet, the messages they send (using a specific application layer protocol) get passed down t he stack to the TCP layer. TCP is responsible for routing application protocols to the correct application on the destination computer. To accomplish this, port numbers are used. Ports can be thought of as separate channels on each computer. For example, you can surf the web while reading e-mail. This is because these two applications (the web browser and the mail clien.

Global Ethics and Social Responsibility

spheric Ethics and Social Responsibility While conducting turn over in any type of blood line pruneting there is endlessly estimable and social responsibilities that we all must guinea pig at iodine time or an different. From unfit line of credit to small local deliver businesses, it is important that knowing the right from wrong is very important. This would include provision for both manage handst and staff. Companies flip a to a greater extent extensive ethical and social responsibility training programs when their business expands to other countries.The relationship with the jockstraper nation is so important, the gild hold their personnel to more stringent standards as compared to their home nation. Corporate or military control ethics is the take up and examination of moral and social responsibility in relation to business practices and decision-making in business (Dictionary. coms). To put the definition to test, permits determine the memorable Gulf Oil Sp ill. The world waited for BP Oil Corps reactions and responds to the crude spill in the Gulf. BP Public Relations survey the situation, waited for more facts and whence after the some of the smoke cleared made a financial statement as early as possible.The first items that BP addresses were the safety of the crew on the platform, the platform and then the pipe beneath the platform. As time passed, BP afterward address the lost income of local fisherman, restaurants, hotels and other local small businesses that depended on the Gulf that supplied fresh seafood and tourist to their beautiful shores yearly. Income lost due to crude oil showing up on the shores and affecting local wildlife, decreased the business for most coastal towns. BP had a plan for clean up, they hired the very(prenominal) out of work people due to the Gulf Spill to help clean up the Gulf shore line.How is this global ethics? BP is a global oil and gas company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is th e third-largest dynamism company and fourth-largest company in the world measured by revenues and maven of the six oil and gas supermajors. It is vertically-integrated and is active in alwaysy subject field of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It in any case has major renewable energy activities, including in biofuels, hydrogen, solar and wind power.BP has trading operations in over 80 countries produces around 3. 8million put of oil equivalent per day and has 22,400 service stations worldwide. Its largest division is BP America, which is the biggest manufacturer of oil and gas in the United States and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. As at 31 December 2010 BP had total proven commercial reserves of 18. 07 one thousand thousand barrels of oil equivalent. The name BP derives from the initials of one of the companys former legal names, British Petroleum. BPs trac k record of corporate social responsibility has been mixed.The company has been confused in a number of major environmental and safety incidents and authorized criticism for its political influence. However, in 1997 it became the first major oil company to publicly acknowledge the need to take steps against climate change, and in that year established a company-wide tar express to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases. BP soon invests over $1billion per year in the development of renewable energy sources, and has committed to spend $8billion on renewable in the 2005 to 2015 period.BPs primary listing is on the London Stock alternate and it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index (wikipedia. org). Even though BP employ Global business opening ethics and social responsibility were they mandated to? Maybe on cleanup of the beaches and there may have been some punitive salute but that would have all been regulative but not from the men and women that run BP. Even though there are jurisprudences to regulate environmental and human rights violations but there are no global law for ethical business or social responsibility. Organizations are left to police themselves.There have been some organizations like the Carnegie Council, the World Economic Forum and strain Ethics (The time) that has been covering the way to openly set forth standards for businesses, big and small to be accountable. The World Economic Forum (WEF) has drafted a assure which was developed into The Global Business Oath. In January of 2010, WEF was feature in Business Ethics Magazine Over the past year they drafted a set of principles the Global Business Oath and theyve been testing the content and implementation ever since. And now its ready for pledging.While some might consider the device by the young global leaders a bit naive, the big question is how many older, more experienced, business leaders get out be signing on. Will Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of t he WEF, attempt to get JP Morgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon to take the Oath? How about Deutsche Banks Josef Akermann? More than 200 leaders have already pledged to lead their organizations harmonize to these principles, according to the WEF, and over the course of 2010 the YGL Oath Task coerce will be looking to expand the reach and impact of the oath. (Conner, Business Ethics Magazine). The oath is below. As a business leader I recognize that The enterprise I lead must serve the great good by bringing together people and resources to create judge that no single individual tidy sum create alone, My decisions can have far-reaching consequences that affect the surfacebeing of individuals inside and outside my enterprise, today and tomorrow, As I reconcile the interests of different constituencies, I will face choices that are not easy for me and others.So I promise that 1. I will manage my enterprise diligently and in good faith and will not let personal considerations and compens ation supersede the long-term interest of my enterprise and golf-club at large, 2. I will understand and uphold, both in letter and spirit, the laws and contracts governing my own conduct and that of my enterprise, 3. I will admire and shelter the human rights and dignity of all people who are bear upon by my enterprise and will oppose all forms of discrimination and exploitation, 4.I will respect and protect the right of future generations to enjoy a clean and resourceful planet, 5. I will not engage in nor tolerate grafting or any other form of corruption, 6. I will bet the performance and risks of my enterprise accurately and honestly to each of the constituencies that are affected by it, 7. I will actively engage in efforts to conclusion solutions to critical social and environmental issues that are central to my enterprise, and 8. I will invest in my own professional development as well as the development of other managers under my supervision.In exercising my professiona l duties according to these principles I recognize that my behavior must set an example of justness and responsible conduct. This pledge I make freely and upon my honor. I racket While conducting work in any type of business backing there is always ethical and social responsibilities that we all must face at one time or another. Companies have a more extensive ethical and social responsibility training programs when their business expands to other countries. The relationship with the partner nation is so important.There is some training that you can only get from other mistakes and some mistakes we can prevent by just being sensitive to others needs and wants. Cited Page business ethics. (n. d. ). Dictionary. coms twenty-first Century Lexicon. Retrieved December 07, 2011, from Dictionary. com website http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/business ethics BP p. l. c (LSEBP, big boardBP) wikipedia. org. last modified on 5 December 2011 at 1521. , from wikipedia. org website http// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BP World Economic Forum Will Many Take The Global Business Oath? By Conner, Michael, 26 January 2010 from Business Ethics Magazine

Minicase San Pico

San Pico is a cursorily growing Latin American developing field. The country is blessed with miles of scenic beaches that have attracted tourists by the thousands in recent years to new resort hotels financed by reefer ventures of San Pico businessmen and m geniusymen from the Middle East, Japan, and the United States. Additionally, San Pico has good natural harbors that argon contributory for receiving imported merchandise from abroad and exporting merchandise produced in San Pico and early(a) surrounding countries that lack access to the sea.Because of these advantages, many new businesses atomic number 18 creation started in San Pico. Presently, stocktaking is traded in a cramped building in La Cobijio, the nations capital. Admittedly, the San Pico Stock Exchange schema is rather archaic. Twice a day an official of the transposition will call push through the make up of each of the 43 companies whose stock trades on the telephone exchange. Brokers wanting to buy or plo w sh bes for their clients then attempt to make a trade with one another.This crowd trading corpse has worked well for over one light speed years, but the government dispositions to replace it with a new groundbreaking system that will allow greater and more frequent opportunities for trading in each company, and will allow for trading the shares of the many new start-up companies that are expected to trade in the secondary market. Additionally, the government administration is rapidly privatizing many state-owned businesses in an attempt to foster their efficiency, obtain unconnected exchange from the sale, and convert the country to a more capitalist economy.The government believes that it would take over this privatization faster and perhaps at more attractive prices if it had a modern stock exchange facility where the shares of the newly privatized companies will eventually trade. You are an expert in the operation of secondary stock markets and have been contain as a con sultant to the San Pico Stock Exchange to offer your expertise in modernizing the stock market. What would you advise? Explain. Most new and renovated stock exchanges are being established these days as either a partly or fully automated trading system.A fully automated system is especially beneficial for a small to medium size country in which there is only moderate trading in to the highest degree issues. Such a system that deserves special note is the continuous national Integrated Market system of New Zealand. This system is fully reckonerized and does not require a physical structure. Essentially all buyers and sellers of a stock enter through their broker into the computer system the number of shares they desire to buy or sell and their required transaction price. The system is updated constantly as new purchase or sale orders are entered into system.The computer constantly searches for a match between buyer and seller, and when one is put up a transaction takes place. T his type of system would likely serve San Picos needs very well. There is existing technology to implement, the bugs have been worked out in other countries, and it would satisfy all the demands of the demands of the San Pico government and easily nurse growth in market activity MINI CASE SARA lee(prenominal) CORP. S EUROBONDS The International Finance in Practice boxed teaching in the chapter discussed a three-year $100 million Euro stick with issue by Sara lee(prenominal) Corporation.The article also mentions other bond issues recently placed by various abroad divisions of Sara Lee. What thoughts do you have about Sara Lees debt financing strategy? Suggested Solution to Sara Lee Corp. s Eurobonds Sara Lee is the perfection candidate to issue Eurobonds. The company has worldwide name recognition, and it has an excellent realisation rating that allows it to place new bond issues easily. By issuing dollar mark denominated Eurobonds to Swiss investors, Sara Lee can bring new is sues to market much(prenominal) more quickly than if it sold domestic dollar denominated bonds.Moreover, the Eurodollar bonds likely sell at a lower yield than comparable domestic bonds. Additionally, it appears as if Sara Lee is raising funds in a variety of foreign currencies. Sara Lee most likely has large cash inflows in these resembling currencies that can be used to meet the debt service obligations on these bond issues. Thus Sara Lee is finding a use for some of its foreign currency receipts and does not have to be concerned with the exchange rate uncertainty of these part of its foreign cash inflows.

Clara Barton’s Courage Essay

My business is staunching simple eye, and feeding fainting men., Clara Barton once wrote according to the Clara Barton cradle museum, 2010. One of the most measurable humanitarians and courageous people that has ever lived is Clara Barton. Barton posses the qualities and fits the description of courageous through her actions as she encounters life of religious serviceing to aid soldiers in precise essential surroundings, donating munificently to the war, and trying to help a campaign when she had nothing left, showing selflessness. Shows perseverance as she unplowed going piece of music soldiers stopped for the night, she consecrate very much effort to unite red crossway and the US, and she kept striving when she was told it was unladylike. Barton asserted a hard spieling(a) moral principleal code by working in numerous wars, working nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the appointment from Lincoln.Look more perseverance essayClara Barton was a courageous individual from having the traits of selflessness, perseverance, and a hard working ethic. Thus presenting the qualifications and the definition of courage herself. born(p) in Oxford Massachusetts on December 25, 1821 to Stephan Captain Barton and Sarah St hotshot, (Ameri dismiss bolshie Cross, 2013) festering up, her childhood was very fearful and full of containing much nurse experience. Barton had no playmates as a child, but she had many another(prenominal) adults and became chicken-hearted of many things, I intend nothing but fear (Clara Barton, 1862). She first encountered and glimpsed into the field of healing others, when she was 11 years old. Her brother suffered a very serious fall, and at the time- doctors rate leeches.Clara Harlowe became his nurse for a duration of 2 years. (Nancy Whitelaw, 1997) When she was a child, she would always pick up to her fathers war stories and watch her family all become t for each oneers or serve in the war. She followed their f ootprints and became a teacher, but quit after 10 years from feeling that this isnt what she really wants to do. A school was utilise to her for her great efforts. She became a clerk, but quit for the same reason. (Women in level, 2013).She helped in many civil wars as aid, which awarded her with the Iron Cross, the Cross of Imperial Russia and the global loss Cross Medal. (Women in History, 2013) Years later, almost the age of 83, she retired from organism the pre positionnt of the red-faced Cross. At the age of 90, she died. America, thought of her as one of the greatest Americans in History, (Red Cross, 2013) Life experiences that put her down, was suffering depression around times of no work such as being certified to continue aiding, but always seemed to revive quickly when a major calamity called for her services, (Red Cross, 2013)Clara Barton is a very courageous somebody in biography from her altruism throughout her life. She volunteered to help aid soldiers in ver y extreme beams, donated most of her life savings, and though she had lack of funds or tickets, she alleviate tried to help a pretend with what was left. One extreme nursing area was when she help in the battle of Antietam. The tables jarred and rolled until we could hardly restrain the men on them, and the roar was overwhelming. (Clara Barton, 1862). While she was attending to renty men, the swiftness levels of the sign was being shot at. the house and corn field were to a lower place the lee of a hill and the enemys guns were mostly ingenious on that hill so that the firing went over us.The upper stories of the house were riddled to be sure and several shells fell in among us, Clara Barton,1862. The mere fact that she had to adapt and not be fearful, as she stayed in this hostile and unsuitable environment for medical aid, presenting the characteristic of selflessness. She was at that place to help, no matter what the situation put her in. She was also selfless by symp athetic acts toward the war. In Culpepper, Virginia, she brought 3 warehouses of supplies from her own home from lack of supplies there, and aided them without give way or pension. (James Lincoln Collier, 2003) 3 warehouses full of supplies in the time intent was a great deal.She gave her life savings to the penurious war and realize she had too little money to keep up with the dedication to aid. She proposed to carnal knowledge for 30,000 dollars to keep up the great help, but only received 15,000 in congressional appropriations instead. (Nancy Whitelaw 1997) Clara Barton was selfless when she was restricted from the soldiers supplies and unable to help the army in any way from lack of funds and ticket. During this time, whenever she heard of need of aid, she was there.Exemplifying, St. Helens Island was infected with smallpox, so she scraped up money to help them by direct supplies such clothes and sanitation, according to Nancy Whitelaw, 1997. During this time she talked to everyone she could and tried to publicize how important it is to donate to the army, while suffering depression. (Dorothy Francis 2002) Bartons courage is greatly express from the events showing her selflessness as she put her heart out for the cause she believed in.Overall, Barton was a very courageous person because of perseverance and devotion to the cause. She kept proceeding on the trail while soldiers stopped for the night, she put much effort to unite Red Cross and the US, and she kept contending when she was told it was unladylike. While many soldiers stopped for the night, she continued on the path to set up her place to care for the wounded. At dusk the train drew to one side of the road and halted for the night. At midnight I directed my requirers to harness quietly and drive on past them, if possible without creating suspicion. (Clara Barton, 1862) When the battle began, she would be completely active to heal anyone as soon as it starts.She adjusted to her job, to wh ere she could care for the soldiers at the utmost convenience. Also, she showed perseverance during the battle of Antietam. She testified to congress in 1862, of a parley between the Chef and herself. The assistants were gone, leaving the Chef and her. They check been here through ghastly scenes since sidereal day and then cannonading is nerve-wracking. Dont blame them that they have retired, and some have gone down the line to the wounded. Other assistants couldnt bear the summation of trouble and overwhelming times, yet she abided until the supplies ran out, therefore showing perseverance.Clara Barton showed perseverance by struggle the odds of the union of the Red Cross and the US.( Nancy Whitelaw, 1997). Her persistence to the organisation officials,was not enough to take shape them budge, so she tried to publicize Red Cross. She wrote countless earn, talked to everyone she could, and created speeches to gain champion and awareness that might change the brass officials minds. (James Lincoln Collier, 2003) When Barton went to Europe for rest, she and Henry Dunant tried to make intertheme agreements to protect the sick and wounded during wartime without respect to themeity and for the formation of national societies to give aid voluntarily on a neutral basis. by making an agreement to many countries such as Russia, the US, and Geneva for the Red Cross to be part of the framework. (Red Cross, 2013)She also showed perseverance by when she was told that what she wanted to do was unladylike, yet kept going. When she made the decision to enforce the front of the battlefield for a living, she had to get many proper officials authorizations. They told her of how its not fit for a lady, but she juxtaposed to their argument of the inclination of how effective she was aiding to the Washington troops, through the exemplaning the mensuration time she spent amass supplies for soldiers, and the fact of 3 warehouses full of supplies to her dispense. (Dorothy Francis, 2002)Clara Barton was a very courageous person because of her hard working ethic. She worked in many wars, worked nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the date from Lincoln. Barton aided in Battle of Cedar mountain, Battle of Chantilly, Battle of South Mountain, Maryland, military blockade of Ft. Wagner, South Carolina, traveled with the Army of the Potomac, Battle of Fredericksburg, and aided to riots in Maryland, and many other small battles. (Clara Barton, 1862) The timing between each war was very little- some were only less than a week aside. The duration of each war was as little as 2 days to a whole month. (National Park Service, 2013) In account of Barton 1862, she and 42 other nurses were nursing with many soldiers in need of immediate attention, 1862.Clara Barton had a hard working ethic because of the amaranthine and undying center of wounded pouring in that she tended to (Clara Barton, 1862) Since there were ceaseless amounts of wounded soldiers each night, she was constantly working throughout the night. Clara Barton even stated in her diary about how sometimes she wouldnt be able to see her quarters for two days because of the amount of 1862. Having long tedious nights, every night for a long time, mean much effort given all the time. Barton showed her hard working ethic when President Lincoln allowed her to search for missing soldiers. She set up an state of affairs of correspondence for four years writing to families . (Red Cross, 2013) She and her assistants received and answered over 63,000 garner and identified over 22,000 missing men (Red Cross, 2013). Her hard working and use work ethic brings.Clara Barton had a great impact on history. She created Red Cross, she tracked over 36000 men, and she proved and inspired many people that they can help in the war without fighting it. The Red Cross is a great relief to every mishap of human need there is. When disasters strike abroad, we provide technical support, relief su pplies, and financial assistance to look rapid response and recovery, they stated, 2013. Their role in the community was purely to bear on many lives funded and made possible by contributors in society. Clara Barton founded and created this organization that touch on many Americans. Without the Red Cross, we would be relying on the government to provide help in disasters.With the limited funding they have, it would not anywhere close to the support the Red Cross has. Same with the facts of, if there was never a Red Cross, there would not be enough support to military families, disaster relief, enough health/ safety education, help to foreign countries, and enough blood to provide who needs it. (Red Cross, 2013). When Clara Barton did the assignment by Lincoln, She and her assistants received and answered over 63,000 letters and identified over 22,000 missing men, according to the Red Cross.She helped create the national cemetery of the Andersonville Prison, she and 31 other peopl e identified the graves of virtually 13,000 men. She provided much cessation of worry to the 63,000 families by doing what she did. (Red Cross, 2013) Imagine if she didnt help at all with identifying and provide closure to the vast amount of men who were MIA? Clara Barton had a great impact on history and the world, as it seen by them of inspiration and proof that you can help the war without fighting it. Bartons speeches she gave over time to who would listen, provided awareness of the donation and volunteer work available to in the Red Cross. (Nancy Whitelaw, 1997)Events such as helping to work in intense environments, donating most of her life savings, trying to largess with insufficient funds, shows the trait selflessness, which perceived as courageous. Perseverance (also a trait apart of courage) is shown as she kept on trail while soldiers stopped for the night, put much effort to unite Red Cross and the US, and kept contending when she was told it was unladylike. courageous ness also has the trait of a hard working ethic shown by Barton having an aspiration to assist in many wars, working nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the assignment from Lincoln. Barton is one of the most courageous people in history from having the traits of selflessness, perseverance, and a hard working ethic.Works CitedThe courtly struggle Clara Barton Birthplace Museum. The Civil War Clara Barton Birthplace Museum. The Birthplace Museum, 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. expose Clara Barton. Clara Barton. Red Cross, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.Women in History. Clara Barton biography. Last Updated 2/5/2013. Lakewood Public Library. Date accessed 2/5/2013 .Clara Barton and the International Red Cross Association, Clara Barton papers, Library of Congress, reel 109, graduation exercise at frame 409, Sep. 17, 1862. 17 Sep. 1862. Wed. 05 Feb. 2013Collier, James Lincoln, and Greg Copeland. The Clara Barton You Never Knew. New York Childrens, 2003. Print.Founder Clara Barton. Cla ra Barton. Red Cross, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.Francis, Dorothy Brenner. Clara Barton Founder of the American Red Cross. Brookfield, CT Millbrook, 2002. Print.Whitelaw, Nancy. Clara Barton Civil War Nurse. Springfield, NJ Enslow, 1997. Print.

Lab 2: Microscopy and the Metric System

Microscopy and the Metric System Marg bet E. Vorndam, M. S. Version 42-0090-00-01 Lab subject area Assistant This document is non meant to be a substitute for a formal science laboratoryoratoryoratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate school-age childs writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be dis gift to an instructor. Exercise 1 Measuring Length, Weight, Volume, and Temperature Try the following conversions for practice. 40,000 ng =0. 24mg =0. 00024g50 cm =500 mm =0. 5m Procedure 1. Length A mensural prescript is practiseful for measuring items of length. The ruler below nibs in mm, indicated by the pocketable mm near 0. a. How many mm are there in 1 cm? 10, in a meter (m)? vitamin C0 (Ruler is non to scale. See ruler in dissection kit. ) b. Locate a measurable end eavor lens to use for this exercise. If the object is long, obtain a yardstick that includes a cm scale they can be found in local hardware stores. c. Record the length of the object below and do the conversions Name of object ID card . 5 cm=85mm=0. 085m Volume Always pullulate an opine volume of limpid into a rifle beaker and then from the beaker into the volumetric flask or graduated cylinder. This will minimize contamination of the parent liquid source. Dispose properly of any leftover liquid. Do NOT pour it back into the original container. Why? This is so the original liquid does not get contaminated. When using a pipet or dropper to mea certain(predicate) liquid, pour an aliquot into a clean beaker and then draw up the liquid from the beaker into the pipet. NEVER try to draw up chemicals by mouth.Why? Chemicals could go into your mouth, which is potentially dangerous and should never be d unitary no depicted object if they deemed safe or not. Weight Use the write scal e from the lab kit to measure out exactly three grams of sugar. Make sure to tare the bag before adding the sugar. Why must the bag be tared before adding the sugar? This is done so the weight unit of the bag is not counted with the weight of the sugar. You must think about the weight of the bag when weighing out the three grams of sugar. How is the weight of the bag accounted for when the sugar is weighed?The bag is weighed commencement and then the 3 g of sugar is added on top of that weight so at the end the weight is much than 3g supply ascribable to the bag. Temperature Practice permuteing the following with this conversion formula 45F = 7. 2 C 62F =16. 7 C 98. 6F =37C Use a Celsius thermometer to measure the C temperature of some(prenominal) several(predicate) aliquots of cold and warm tap water. Make sure to intromit the thermometer to rebriny until the temperature is stable and no longer changes. Record the temperatures Cold-15C adoring 29C Hot- 48C Questions A. What laboratory equipment would be employ to measure the following items? g flour Beaker and scale 36 mL water Graduated cylinder The length of a frogs leg ruler 36 g water Beaker/balance 38? C thermometer Volume of a turtle* Water displacement cxxv? F thermometer Volume of blood Graduated cylinder Weight of a plant Bag and scale Weight of blood Beaker and scale Temperature of a fishs body thermometer Temperature of blood thermometer *This answer may postulate some creativity. How could it be done? B. Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion agent that would be needed to convert the following measurements, and the final answers.Use U. S. and liquid units where appropriate. 248 g = 248,000 mg 145,000 ? L = 145mL 536 mL = 536 cc 0. 372 kg = 372 g 0. 75 L = 750,000 ? L 20. 39 cm = . 2039 m 145,000? L*(10-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 145,000? L*(10-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm) =. 2039m 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10-6L)=750000 ? L 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10-6L)=750000 ? L C.Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following measurements, and the final answers. Use US and liquid units where appropriate. 3 cups= . 711 L7,893 mg = . 0174 lb 2. 25 oz= 66. 53 cc36? C= 96. 8 ? F 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 45,000 uL = 29. 42 tsp96? F= 35. 56 ? C D. What advantages does the metric remains have over the English method of measurement? What are the disadvantages? The metric system is advantageous because it has a base of ten, making measurements easier to take, read, understand, and convert. The prefixes are as well standard so they transfer between all measurements. Also, more countries use the metric system whereas basically only the US uses the English method. The main disadvantage of the metric system is that Americans have not grown up with these measurements so they are harder to demo and understand what maintain, weight, etc. ach measurement is. For example, it is oft easier for most Americans to understand the distance of a mile than to try and picture how long a kilometer is. E. abbreviation the steps necessary to accurately weigh 3. 5 g of stiffen. This depends on the scale employ, but with the pen scale included in the labpaq, tare a bag or other container that can be used. Then add in the starch until the weight on the scale reads the weight of the container plus 3. 5 g. F. Outline the steps necessary to accurately pipet 5 mL of distilled water. germinate an aliquo t of distilled water into a clean beaker.Put a little more than 5mL of distilled water in a beaker. Pipet 5mL from the beaker, and check to see if the fundament of the meniscus lines up with the 5mL line. Exercise 2 Microscopy The compound informal microscope effectively magnifies in the range of 40x to 2000x. If an object under view is 10 nm in length without any magnification, what will be its regard size of it at 40x? 400nm at 2000x? 20 ? m What is the equivalent size at these magnifications, in inches? Show your calculations. 400nm*(1cm/107nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 1. 57*10-5 in. 20? m*(1cm/104? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 7. 87*10-4 in.The scanning electron microscope (SEM) employs electron bombardment to image very small specimens. Electron microscopes are used to image specimens that range from 1 nm to 100 m in size. What is the equivalent in inches? . Show your calculations. 1nm*(1cm/107nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 3. 94*10-8 in. 100 ? m*(1cm/104? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 0. 0039 in. Procedure 1. Parts of the Compound clean Microscope Refer to a microscope as this section is read. Label the microscope diagram that follows as the examination of the microscope proceeds. a. Eyepiece (Ocular lens) The magnification baron is stamped on the outside of the lens.What is the motive of the ocular lens? Microscopes may have interchangeable ocular lenses of different magnification. 15x b. Body Tube Holds the ocular and mark lenses at the correct central distance. c. Arm Used to transport microscope and hold the body tube. d. Nosepiece The revolving fraud that holds the objective lenses. May also be referred to as the turret. e. documentary Lenses Consists of one or more lenses i. The scanning force out objective lens is the shortest of the lenses. What is its power? 4x ii. The low-power objective is s unwarrantedly longer than the scanning objective. What is its power? 10x iii.The high-power objective is longer than the low-power objective. What is its power? 40x Label this microscop e diagram with the appropriate part name calling and their functions Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- tack on that leaves distance between lenses Course adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- aggrandize objects Stage- holds skids Mirror- reflects light so you can see whats on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stableness Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lensesCourse adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see whats on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything a b c d e f g h i Parts not included in microscope are Light source Source Sharma, Abhishake. Labeled Microscope Drawing. N. d. Buzzle. com. 2. Focusing the Microscope If the microscope includes a n anoint compactness lens, place a drop of immersion anoint on the slide get over slip before rotating the lens into place.The function of the oil is to minimize light diffraction through the slide and subject so that greater detail can be seen. After using the oil immersion lens, clean excess oil complete of the lens and the slide with a lens cloth. Never tilt a microscope when using oil or if see a wet slide. Why? The liquid could come off of the slide and get into a place in the microscope that isnt adept for it, and it will be messy also. 3. Operating the Microscope a. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip from the slide box. start the slide and cover slip separately on a paper towel or other soft surface to reduce the possibility of scratching them. . With scissors, screw a letter e from an old magazine or newspaper. c. Place the letter in the center of the slide. d. Follow the instructions in dent 6 below to make a wet mount of the letter. e. avocation the directions outlined above under Handling and Focusing the Microscope, place the watchful slide on the microscope stage. Leave the scanning lens in place and focus so that the letter is clearly viewable. Make drawings of the letter in the boxes below as instructed. Side of the slide furthest away from student Look from the side of the microscope, viewand then draw the letter here, as it turn ups onthe slide on the stage. e e Draw the letter here as it appears when viewing it through the microscope. Side of the slide closest to student f. What is find? Microscopes invert the image on the slide. This means that the subject will appear to be 180 rotated and reversed from the actual image viewed on the slide. g. While viewing the letter through the lenses, trend the slide slightly. What do you observe about the movement of the letter and slide when viewed through the lenses? When I move the slide up, what Im viewing moves down. When I move the slide to the left, the image moves right. . Use t he directions above to view the letter at the higher objective powers. On the drawing made above, circle the instalment of the letter that is viewable as successively higher power observations are made. What is your conclusion about what happens when higher power objectives are used? notwithstanding a piece of the top part is viewable. Higher power objectives magnify the image more. 4. Total Magnification Calculation Typically, the ocular lens of a microscope will be 10x, but it may be higher or lower. The power is preserve on the side of the lens. a.What is the ocular lens power of the microscope that you are using? It may be 10x or 15x. Record it in Table 1. b. The objective lenses also have the magnification power recorded on their sides. What powers do the objective lenses on the microscope have? Record them in Table 1. c. Now, calculate the total magnification of the viewing area by multiplying the power of the ocular lens with that of the objective lens in use. For instance , if a microscope has a 10x magnification ocular lens and a 4x objective lens in place for viewing, the total magnification will be 40x (10x cypher by 4x).What other view magnifications are possible with the microscope? Calculate the total magnification for each set of lenses in Table 1. Table 1 Calculating Magnification Ocular Lens Magnification x Objective LensesMagnification = Total Magnification 15x 4x 60x 10x 150x 40x 600x 5. Diameter of firmament a. With the low-power objective in viewing position, place a short transparent metric ruler on the stage. b. While viewing the ruler through the lenses, measure the low-power diameter of world of view in mm. Convert this measurement to ? m and record in Table 2. c.Switch to the other higher power objectives, noting the diameter, in mm, for each in Table 2. Convert measurements to ? m. How might this information be useful when viewing microscopic subjects? Micrometers are smaller, so it is useful for very small objects when mm wou ld be a very small number that wouldnt be very understandable. Table 2 Diameter of a Viewing Field Magnification(ocular x objective lenspowers) mm diameterof field of view ? m diameter *of field of view Scanning Lens 60x 2mm 2000 ? m mild Power Lens 150x 1mm 1000 ? m High Power Lens 600x Cant tell,